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The bilabial ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨pʼ⟩.
| Bilabial ejective stop | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| pʼ | |||
| IPA number | 101 401 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | pʼ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U 0070 U 02BC | ||
| X-SAMPA | p_> | ||
| Braille |    | ||
| |||
Features
editFeatures of the bilabial ejective:
- Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a plosive.
- Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
- The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.
Occurrence
editIn addition to the languages listed below, this sound is also a common phonological feature of the Ethiopian linguistic area, especially Ethiopian Semitic languages.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | пӏакӏэ | ⓘ | 'thin' | ||
| Amharic | ጴጥሮስ/p̣iéṭros | [pʼetʼros] | 'Peter' | ||
| Armenian | Yerevan dialect[1] | պոչ/pochʿ | [pʼotʃʰ] | 'tail' | Corresponds to tenuis [p⁼] in other Eastern dialects |
| Chechen | пӏелг / phelg / ڢەلگ | [pʼelɡ] | 'finger' | ||
| Ganza[2]: 95 | [pʼá̰bḭ́] | 'gathering' | |||
| Georgian | პეპელა/pepela | [pʼɛpʼɛlɑ] | 'butterfly' | ||
| Hadza | hûbbu | [ɦuːpʼu] | 'to lift something heavy' | (mimetic) | |
| Haida | ttappad | [tʼapʼat] | 'to break' | (mimetic) | |
| Halkomelem | p̓əq̓ | [pʼəqʼ] | 'white' | ||
| Kabardian | цӏапӏэ / çaṗe / ڗاࢠه | ⓘ | 'mean' | ||
| Kunigami | p'aapaa | [pʼaːpaː] | 'grandmother' | ||
| Nez Perce | p’íłin | [ˈpʼiɬin] | 'hole' | ||
| Ossetian | Iron | пъовыр/phovyr | [ˈpʼovɪ̈r] | 'cook' | |
| Quechua | p’acha | [pʼat͡ʃa] | 'clothes' | ||
| Ubykh | wıp'ts'e | [wɨpʼtsʼɜ] | 'your name' | See Ubykh phonology | |
| Yurok[3] | kaap' | [kaːpʼ] | 'leaves' | ||
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Dum-Tragut (2009:17–18)
- ^ Smolders, Joshua (2016). "A Phonology of Ganza" (pdf). Linguistic Discovery. 14 (1): 86–144. doi:10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.470. Retrieved 2017-01-16.86-144&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info:doi/10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.470&rft.aulast=Smolders&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=http://journals.dartmouth.edu/cgi-bin/WebObjects/Journals.woa/1/xmlpage/1/document/1070&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Bilabial ejective stop" class="Z3988">
- ^ "Yurok consonants". Yurok Language Project. UC Berkeley. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2021-04-17.
References
edit- Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009). Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. London Oriental and African Language Library. Vol. 14. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. ISBN 978-90-272-8879-0. LCCN 2009037609.