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Association football contracts are the legal contracts for both amateur and professional football. Football contracts overlaps substantially with contract, tort and labour law. Issues like defamation, privacy rights and intellectual property law are also an integral aspect of football contracts. This area has been subject to a number of controversies since the 1990s (see the Bosman ruling and the Webster ruling). These cases have coincided with the rebalancing of player power and increased media scrutiny and commercialisation of football.
Labor law: Association Football Contracts
editLabor law has always been an extremely important determinant of association football contracts.[1] The way countries classify labor done by football players is essential to many aspects of the football players' contract.[1] In the 21st century we have seen some shifts in the nature of labor classification in football.[1] In some countries football players are classified as service providers rather than employees.[1] Bulgaria is an example of this, in November, 2005, during a conference in Sofia it was confirmed that the country would shift football players to persons providing a service.[1] As a result, clubs do not have to pay for employee benefits previously afforded to players under the old classification.[1]
Financial issues: Association Football Contracts
editOne of the most important issues of modern day contract negotiations is a club's valuation of players. Along with this following accounting principles set out by respective governing bodies is really important in setting out the terms of a contract.[2] Following these guidelines and rules has become a huge issue especially when the duration of some contracts is longer than the required duration for certain accounting practices required.[2] With the increase in private investment in the sport this continues to be an issue.[2][3]
Contracts and psychology
editThere are a multitude of possible psychological effects of signing contracts among players.[4] Signing contracts has different effects on players who play differently and evaluating those effects has become a topic for debate among sport scientists. Defenders' performances are often found to be better once they sign a new contract while midfielders and attackers see mixed reviews.[4] Young players also see the effects of signing a contract with physical attributes, the added pressure seems to impact them positively leading to increased physical attributes in the short term after signing a professional contract.[5]
See also
edit- Eastham v. Newcastle United, a similar 1963 court case in England
- Seitz decision, a similar 1975 arbitration case in the United States
- Kolpak ruling, which extended Bosman to countries with an associate trading relationship with the EU, most notably the ACP countries
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f Siekmann, Dr Robert (27 June 2016). "Labour Law, the Provision of Services, Transfer Rights and Social Dialogue in Professional Football In Europe". Entertainment and Sports Law Journal. 4 (1). doi:10.16997/eslj.102. ISSN 1748-944X.
- ^ a b c Amir, Eli; Livne, Gilad (2005). "Accounting, Valuation and Duration of Football Player Contracts". Journal of Business Finance & Accounting. 32 (3–4): 549–586. doi:10.1111/j.0306-686X.2005.00604.x. ISSN 1468-5957. S2CID 154713873.3–4&rft.pages=549-586&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154713873#id-name=S2CID&rft.issn=1468-5957&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111/j.0306-686X.2005.00604.x&rft.aulast=Amir&rft.aufirst=Eli&rft.au=Livne, Gilad&rft_id=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0306-686X.2005.00604.x&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Association football contracts" class="Z3988">
- ^ Iorwerth, Hywel; Tomkins, Paul; Riley, Graham (3 July 2018). "Financial Doping in the English Premier League". Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. 12 (3): 272–291. doi:10.1080/17511321.2017.1351484. ISSN 1751-1321. S2CID 149253395.272-291&rft.date=2018-07-03&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149253395#id-name=S2CID&rft.issn=1751-1321&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080/17511321.2017.1351484&rft.aulast=Iorwerth&rft.aufirst=Hywel&rft.au=Tomkins, Paul&rft.au=Riley, Graham&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1080/17511321.2017.1351484&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Association football contracts" class="Z3988">
- ^ a b Gómez, Miguel-Ángel; Lago, Carlos; Gómez, María-Teresa; Furley, Philip (25 January 2019). "Analysis of elite soccer players' performance before and after signing a new contract". PLOS ONE. 14 (1): e0211058. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1411058G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211058. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6347186. PMID 30682101.
- ^ Emmonds, Stacey; Till, Kevin; Jones, Ben; Mellis, Michelle; Pears, Mathew (1 April 2016). "Anthropometric, speed and endurance characteristics of English academy soccer players: Do they influence obtaining a professional contract at 18 years of age?". International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching. 11 (2): 212–218. doi:10.1177/1747954116637154. ISSN 1747-9541. S2CID 86303918.212-218&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86303918#id-name=S2CID&rft.issn=1747-9541&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177/1747954116637154&rft.aulast=Emmonds&rft.aufirst=Stacey&rft.au=Till, Kevin&rft.au=Jones, Ben&rft.au=Mellis, Michelle&rft.au=Pears, Mathew&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954116637154&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Association football contracts" class="Z3988">