An agal (Arabic: عِقَال; also spelled iqal, egal, or igal) is a clothing accessory traditionally worn by Arab men. It is a doubled black cord used to keep a keffiyeh in place on the wearer's head.[1] Agals are traditionally made of goat or camel hair.[2] Modern agals typically use cord manufactured for this purpose (rulers of Bahrain in particular are known for wearing elaborate agal designs), but plain rope is still occasionally utilized.[3]
.jpg) A Bahraini man wearing a keffiyeh with an agal over it | |
| Type | Arab clothing |
|---|---|
| Material | Goat hair |
| Place of origin | Arabian Peninsula |
It is traditionally worn by Arabs from the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Jordan, and parts of Palestine, and Syria (such as the Negev in Israel, Deir ez-Zor and Hauran in Syria, and Sinai and Sharqia in Egypt), and Ahwazi Arabs.
The use of the agal and ghutra is dated through antiquities including bas-reliefs and statues going back to ancient times. The agal is traced in Semitic[4] and Middle Eastern civilizations and even in ancient Arabian kingdoms. In his book Iran in the Ancient East, the archaeologist and Iranologist Ernst Herzfeld, in referring to the Susa bas-reliefs, points to the ancient agal as unique headwear of Elamites that distinguished them from other nations.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Oxford English Dictionary. Second Edition, 1989.
- ^ Merriam-Webster definition, online edition
- ^ Lindisfarne & Ingham 1997, p. 45.
- ^ Walther Hinz, Lost World of Elam, pp. 20-21: In referring to dark-skinned Susa in a bas-relief wearing agal: "These must be Elamites from the hinterland. Even today dark-skinned men, in no way negroid, are often to be seen in Khuzistan. They consider themselves for the most part as 'Arabs', and speak 'Arabic' among themselves. It seems likely that the population even of Ancient Elam was a mixed one, consisting of dark-skinned aboriginals of uncertain race and of 'Semites', who had infiltrated from Mesopotamia in repeated incursions since the Akkad period".
Sources
edit- Lindisfarne, N.; Ingham, B. (1997). "Head wear". Languages of Dress in the Middle East. Curzon. pp. 45–47. ISBN 978-0-7007-0671-6. Retrieved 2024-08-10.45-47&rft.pub=Curzon&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7007-0671-6&rft.aulast=Lindisfarne&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.au=Ingham, B.&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=lC-qQgAACAAJ&pg=PA45&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Agal (accessory)" class="Z3988">