Wikipedia

Accous

Accous (French pronunciation: [akus]; Occitan: Acós) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France.

Accous
Commune
A general view of Accous
A general view of Accous
Coat of arms of Accous
Coat of arms
Location of Accous
Map
Accous is located in France
Accous
Accous
Accous is located in Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Accous
Accous
Coordinates: 42°58′30″N 0°35′55″W / 42.975°N 0.5986°W / 42.975; -0.5986
CountryFrance
RegionNouvelle-Aquitaine
DepartmentPyrénées-Atlantiques
ArrondissementOloron-Sainte-Marie
CantonOloron-Sainte-Marie-1
IntercommunalityHaut Béarn
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Dany Barraud[1]
Area
1
60.68 km2 (23.43 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[2]
457
 • Density7.5/km2 (20/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC 01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC 02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
64006 /64490
Elevation420–2,458 m (1,378–8,064 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
La Berthe stream at Accous.
The Poey dominating Accous.
The plateau of Lhers.
Waterfall down to the Bois d'Arapoup from the Esquir bridge.
The Town Hall.
The School.

Geography

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Location

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Accous is located some 30 km south of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the Aspe Valley, one of the three valleys of the High-Béarn, the other valleys being the Ossau Valley in the east and Barétous valley in the west. From the Spanish border on its southern edge, it stretches along Le Labadie river to the point where it joins the Gave d'Aspe. From this river junction, the Gave d'Aspe forms the western border of the rest of the commune which extends a further 10 kilometres to the east with the Lac du Montagnon at the northeastern edge.[3]

Access

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The commune is accessed from the north by the E7 motorway. This highway follows the western border of the commune along the Gave d'Aspe then crosses the narrow neck of the commune before continuing to the Spanish border near Candanchu. To access Accous village it is necessary to follow one of a number of country roads - the Daban Athas road probably being the most direct. Apart from country roads within the commune there is no other road access.[3]

Hydrography

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The commune is traversed by some tributaries of the Gave d'Oloron, the Besse stream and the Gave d'Aspe, as well as tributaries of the latter such as the Gave Lescun (itself joined in the commune by the Labadie creek) and the Berthe[4] (Accous is fed by the torrent of Araille).

The Cotcharas stream and its tributary, the Congaets stream also flow in the territory of Accous, as tributaries of the Gave d'Aydius, the Gave de Bouren and the Sahun stream.

Relief

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Accous is dominated by the Poey, a conical hill covered with ferns, culminating at 652 m. The Poey is of volcanic origin and is made of ophites.[5] These green and harsh volcanic rocks from the Triassic belong to dolerites. They have resisted the erosion of glaciers and torrential rivers. This is the reason why the Poey of Accous markedly emerges from the plain.

Localities and hamlets

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  • Borde Apiou
  • Appatie[6]
  • Arapoup (Bois d')[7]
  • Aulet[8][9] north
  • Aumet
  • Balet
  • Castet de Bergout
  • Borde Boudrux
  • Bouhaben
  • Cabane de Cambou
  • Campagnet
  • Camy
  • Camy Lapassatet
  • Candarrameigt
  • Casala
  • Borde de Casteigbou
  • Borde Castillou
  • Chapelet
  • Borde de Couyepetrou
  • Cabanes de la Cuarde
  • Colonne Despourins[10]
  • Embielle
  • l’Estanguet
  • Fontaine de l’Espugna
  • Gouaillard
  • Guiraute
  • Jouers[11][12]
  • Borde Laborde
  • Labourdette
  • Lagahe
  • Lalheve
  • Cabane du Lapassa
  • Borde Laplacette
  • Borde Larraux
  • Borde Larré
  • Lauda
  • Lhers[13]
  • Lourtica (Col de)[14]
  • Borde Lousteau
  • Borde Maria
  • Mariet
  • Moulia Jean-Baptiste
  • Borde Mirassou
  • Nouque
  • la Palue
  • Pelet
  • Cabane de Pourcibo
  • Borde de Soudious
  • Borde Soule
  • Borde Souperbie
  • Cabanes de Souperret
  • Borde Suza

[15]

Neighbouring communes

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[3]

Toponymy

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The name Accous appears in the following forms:

The name of the commune in Gascon is Acós.

Brigitte Jobbé-Duval[23] hypothesises that Accous originated from Acca or Acco, a woman's name mentioned in the inscriptions of Spain.

The name Appatie (cf. Basque Aphatea) came from the Lay Abbey of Jouers through corruption of the word Abbadie (Abadie in standard Gascon). Note that in the Aspe Valley the voiceless consonants of Latin are preserved. This fief was a vassal of the Viscounts of Béarn.[6]

Le Bois d'Arapoup is attested in 1863 in the Topographical Dictionary.[7]

Aület is mentioned in the form Aulet in 1863 by the Topographical Dictionary.[8]

Lhers is also cited in the dictionary.[24]

The name La Berthe, a tributary of the Gave d'Aspe, is cited in the dictionary of 1863.[25]

Despourrins (The Hill of) is also mentioned in 1863 in the Topographical Dictionary as a name taken from the poet Cyprien Despourrins who was buried there.[10]

Izaure was a farm mentioned by Paul Raymond with the spellings:[26]

  • Usaure (1376, Béarnais military inspection F. 76[19]),
  • Ixaure, Isaurs, and Isaure (1385, Census of Béarn F. 73[18]).

Jouers /juèrs/ was formerly Joertz (1345,[11] Homages of Béarn[27]), probably a metathesis of a Basque word Oïhartz a derivative of Oihan meaning 'forest'. It is found in the spelling Joers (1345) then Jouers (in 1712), and again Joers (1863[11]).

The Col de Lourtica is the name of a hill between the communes of Accous and Aydius.[14]

Saint-Christau was a chapel, mentioned by the dictionary of 1863.[28]

Tillabé was a place in Accous reported by the dictionary in 1863 and also mentioned in the 18th century 2 in the form Le Tillaber (record of the proceedings of Accous). Paul Raymond said that Tillabé "was the place of meeting of the aldermen of the Aspe valley".[29]

History

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Paul Raymond noted that the commune had a Lay Abbey, a vassal of the Viscounts of Béarn. In 1385, there were 74 "fires". Accous was the capital of the Aspe valley.[4]

Administration

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List of Successive Mayors of Accous[30]

From To Name
1977 1983 Gaston Larrensou
1983 1995 Louis Moulia
1995 2001 Gaston Larrensou
2001 2010 Jean-Pierre Casaux
2010 2014 Éric Bergez[31]
2014 2020 Paule Bergés
2020 2026 Dany Barraud

Inter-communality

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The town is part of five inter-communal organisations:[32]

  • the community of communes of Haut Béarn
  • the Energy union in the Pyrenees-Atlantiques
  • the Television union of Oloron - Aspe Valley
  • the inter-communal union to aid education in the Aspe Valley
  • the joint union of Upper-Béarn.

Twinning

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Accous has twinning associations with:[33]

Population

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Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1793 1,053—    
1800 1,509 5.27%
1806 1,573 0.69%
1821 1,651 0.32%
1831 1,606−0.28%
1836 1,627 0.26%
1841 1,586−0.51%
1846 1,530−0.72%
1851 1,531 0.01%
1856 1,591 0.77%
1861 1,508−1.07%
1866 1,440−0.92%
1872 1,429−0.13%
1876 1,369−1.07%
1881 1,302−1.00%
1886 1,274−0.43%
1891 1,102−2.86%
1896 1,072−0.55%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901 1,033−0.74%
1906 1,024−0.17%
1911 1,050 0.50%
1921 1,025−0.24%
1926 849−3.70%
1931 888 0.90%
1936 803−1.99%
1946 649−2.11%
1954 612−0.73%
1962 499−2.52%
1968 443−1.96%
1975 440−0.10%
1982 372−2.37%
1990 396 0.78%
1999 434 1.02%
2007 431−0.09%
2012 442 0.51%
2017 461 0.85%
Source: EHESS[34] and INSEE[35]

Economy

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The economy of the town is primarily oriented toward agriculture and animal husbandry. The cheese-making farms are also one of the resources of the commune, which is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone designation of Ossau-Iraty cheese.

The Toyal plant (a subsidiary of Toyo Aluminium, which produces aluminum powders and pigments, and anti-corrosive coatings), located at the edge of the commune, provides income to Accous through business tax, making of it the richest communes in the valley. This activity has created hundreds of jobs in the valley.

The median net disposible income per household was €19,610 in 2017, which is lower than the figure for the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department (€21,250).[36]

Sights

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Accous has a number of old houses and farms registered as historical monuments. These are:

  • House at Rue de Baix (16th century) [37]
  • House 1 at Rue de Haut (17th century) [38]
  • House 2 at Rue de Haut (17th century) [39]
  • House at Rue Madrih (18th century) [40]

The Accous railway station on the Pau to Canfranc line has been closed to traffic since 1970.

The eco-museum of the Aspe valley is located in an old cheese factory. The manufacturing techniques of making mountain cheese and local culinary traditions are highlighted in the displays.

Several churches in the commune have been listed as historical monuments. These are:

  • Chapel of Saint-Saturnin (12th century) [12][41]
  • Parish Church of Saint-Martin (1358) [42] The church contains two historical objects. These are:
  • Chapel of Saint-Jean-Baptiste at Lhers (1707) [13]
  • Chapel of Saint-Christophe at Aület was built at the end of the 18th century, rebuilt at the end of the 19th century, then restored in the 20th century. [9]
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Church of Saint Martin
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    View of the Cemetery and Church of Saint-Martin
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    Facade of the Church of Saint-Martin
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    One of the Windows of the Church of Saint-Martin
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    St. Cristopher statue at the Church of Saint-Martin
The chapel of Saint-Saturnin at Jouers
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    Side View
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    Street view
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    Clock tower and sundial
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    Cemetery gate with scallop shells

The Chapel of Saint-Christau at Aület was rebuilt in the 17th century near three miraculous fountains. Only the first remains, on the east side, consisting of a medieval stone basin and cover. Bathing there permits the casting away of evil spells and to cure fevers, sciatica and epilepsy. It has been renovated.

There is also an Abbey of the order of Norbertine in Accous.

Accous is on the route of the "via Tolosane": Latin name of one of the four trails in France for pilgrimage to St-Jacques-de-Compostolla. The via Tolosane starts in Arles via Toulouse (hence the name) to the Spanish border at Col du Somport.

Environmental heritage

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Some peaks in the commune are:[15]

  • Isabe peak 2463 m
  • Permayou peak: 2344 m
  • Mardas 2188 m
  • Montagne de Isaye 2173 m
  • Montagne de Liard 2169 m
  • Bergon peak: 2148 m
  • Montagne de Ponce 2028 m

Facilities

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Education

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The town has a primary school, the école du bourg.

Sport and sports structures

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Accous is a famous spot for paragliding in the Pyrenees. There are two paragliding schools in the commune:

Accommodations

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Accous also has communal lodgings.[47]

Notable People linked to the common

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Monument to Cyprien Despourrins, blazened with three swords representing the arms of his family and his father who won three duels
  • Cyprien Despourrins was born and died in Accous (1698-1759). He was a Béarnais poet using the Occitan language and author of famous and iconic songs of Béarn.
  • Bernard Lacoarret (early 18th century), a native of Accous, a lawyer at the Parliament of Navarre.
  • Henri Lillaz, born in 1881 in Sainte-Colombe-lès-Vienne and died in 1949 in Paris. He was a politician and general counsel for Accous from 1919 to 1937
  • Bertrand Lacaste (1897–1994), was born and died in Accous. He was Bishop of Oran from 1946 to 1972.

Other pictures

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    The Pyrenees from Accous town
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    The Obelisk for Cyprien Despourrins

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.
  2. ^ "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
  3. ^ a b c Google Maps
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011, p. 2 (in French)
  5. ^ GEOVAL (2008). "Route géologique transpyrénéenne Aspe - Haut Aragon / Ruta geológica transpirenaica Aspe - Alto Aragón". Retrieved 21 December 2015.
  6. ^ a b Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, p. 7 (in French)
  7. ^ a b Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, p. 8 (in French)
  8. ^ a b Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, p. 17 (in French)
  9. ^ a b Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000978 Church of Saint-Christophe (in French)
  10. ^ a b Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, p. 55 (in French)
  11. ^ a b c Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, p. 85 (in French)
  12. ^ a b Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000973 Chapel of Saint-Saturnin (in French)
  13. ^ a b Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64001073 Church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste (in French)
  14. ^ a b Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, p. 104 (in French)
  15. ^ a b Géoportail, IGN (in French)
  16. ^ a b c Michel Grosclaude, Toponymical Dictionary of Communes, Béarn, Ed. Edicions reclams & Édition Cairn - 2006, ISBN 2-35068-005-3, page 36 (in French)
  17. ^ Archaeological Promenade in the Aspe Valley (in French)
  18. ^ a b c Manuscript of the 14th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  19. ^ a b Manuscript from 1376 - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  20. ^ Manuscript of the 16th to 18th centuries - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  21. ^ Manuscripts of the 17th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  22. ^ Cassini Map 1750 - Accous
  23. ^ Brigitte Jobbé-Duval, Dictionary of place names - Pyrénées-Atlantiques, 2009, Ed. Archives and Culture, ISBN 978-2-35077-151-9 (in French)
  24. ^ Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, p. 101 (in French)
  25. ^ Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, p. 29 (in French)
  26. ^ Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, p. 84 (in French)
  27. ^ Homages of Béarn, Folio 39 - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  28. ^ Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, p. 146 (in French)
  29. ^ Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, p. 167 (in French)
  30. ^ List of Mayors of France (in French)
  31. ^ The death of Jean-Pierre Cazaux on 30 August 2010 resulted in a commune by-election on 19 September 2010. Reconstitution of the council lead to the election of a new mayor, Eric Bergez. The Republic of the Pyrenees, 15 September 2010 (in French)
  32. ^ Intercommunality of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques Archived 2014-05-06 at the Wayback Machine, Cellule informatique préfecture 64, consulted on 9 November 2011 (in French)
  33. ^ National Commission for Decentralised cooperation (in French)
  34. ^ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Accous, EHESS (in French).
  35. ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  36. ^ Comparateur de territoire: Commune d'Accous (64006), Pyrénées-Atlantiques (64)
  37. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000995 House at Rue de Baix (in French)
  38. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000994 House 1 at Rue de Haut (in French)
  39. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000993 House 2 at Rue de Haut (in French)
  40. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000996 House at Rue Madrih (in French)
  41. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00084301 Chapel of Saint-Saturnin (in French)
  42. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000974 Church of Saint-Martin (in French)
  43. ^ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM64000002 4 Candlesticks (in French)
  44. ^ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM64000001 Retable and Statuettes (in French)
  45. ^ Site de l'école de parapente Ascendance (in French)
  46. ^ Site de l'école de parapente Air-attitude (in French)
  47. ^ Aspe Valley tourism website (in French)
 
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