Events in the year 2024 in Malaysia.
| |||||
Decades: | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
See also: | Other events of 2024 History of Malaysia • Timeline • Years |
Federal level
edit- Yang di-Pertuan Agong:
- Abdullah (until 30 January)
- Ibrahim Iskandar (from 31 January)
- Raja Permaisuri Agong:
- Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah (until 30 January)
- Raja Zarith Sofiah (from 31 January)
- Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong: Nazrin Shah
- Prime Minister: Anwar Ibrahim
- Deputy Prime Ministers: Ahmad Zahid Hamidi & Fadillah Yusof
- President of the Dewan Negara:
- Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar (until 19 January)
- Mutang Tagal (from 19 February to 10 May)
- Awang Bemee Awang Ali Basah (from 22 July)
- Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat: Johari Abdul
- Chief Justice: Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat
State level
edit- Johor :
- Kedah :
- Kelantan :
- Perlis :
- Perak :
- Pahang :
- Selangor :
- Terengganu :
- Negeri Sembilan :
- Penang :
- Malacca :
- Sarawak :
- Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak:
- Abdul Taib Mahmud (until 26 January)
- Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar (from 26 January)
- Premier of Sarawak: Abang Abdul Rahman Johari Abang Openg
- Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak:
- Sabah :
Events
editJanuary
edit- January 2 – Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim launches the Central Database Hub (PADU), which is a system and platform containing individual and household profiles of the citizens and permanent residents. Minister of Transport Anthony Loke Siew Fook announced that the Malaysian motorists would be able to renew their driving licenses and road taxes via the MyJPJ application starting from 1 February 2024.[1][2]
- January 10 – Merdeka 118 is officially opened by Yang di-Pertuan Agong Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri’ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah and Raja Permaisuri Agong Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah.[3]
- January 26 – Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar is appointed the 8th Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak with immediate effect and conferred the title 'Tun'.
- January 28 – Crown Prince of Johor Tunku Ismail Idris is proclaimed the Regent of Johor.
- January 31 – Sultan of Johor Ibrahim Iskandar ascends to the throne as the 17th Yang di-Pertuan Agong.[4]
February
edit- February 2 – The Pardons Board grants a partial pardon to former Prime Minister Najib Razak who had been jailed in Kajang Prison since 23 August 2022, halving the length of his jail term from 12 to six years and reducing the amount of fine from RM 210,000,000 to RM 50,000,000. Following the pardon, Najib is expected to be released from the prison on 23 August 2028. However, if the fine is not paid, a year would be added to his new jail term.[5]
- February 9 – The Federal Court of Malaysia in a landmark ruling declares several Islamic legislation passed by the State Government of Kelantan as unconstitutional.[6]
March
edit- March 13 – A pair of socks featuring the word "Allah" for sale at a KK Super Mart in Sunway City, Petaling Jaya, sparks public controversy.[7]
- March 18 – Former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad is discharged from the National Heart Institute after more than two months of undergoing treatment.[8]
- March 23 – Two Singaporean motorcyclists are killed, while four others were seriously injured after a container lorry crashes into their convoy at the North–South Expressway, near Yong Peng, Batu Pahat.[9]
- March 27 – An Israeli national identified as Shalom Avitan is arrested by police and found with six pistols and 200 rounds of ammunition at a hotel on Jalan Ampang. The suspect is believed to be associated with a criminal group.[10]
April
edit- April 14 – One man is severely injured after another man shoots at his wife at the Kuala Lumpur International Airport.[11]
- April 23 – Ten people including military personnel, are killed after two Royal Malaysian Navy helicopters collide during rehearsals for a parade near Lumut, Perak.[12]
May
edit- May 5 – Malaysian football player Faisal Halim was attacked with acid at a shopping mall in Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya.[13]
- May 7 – A tree collapses along Jalan Sultan Ismail, Kuala Lumpur, killing one and injuring two others.[14]
- May 11 – 2024 Kuala Kubu Baharu by-election: Pang Sock Tao of Pakatan Harapan (PH) wins the seat after defeating Khairul Azhari Saut of Perikatan Nasional (PN), independent candidate Eris Nyau Ke Xin and Hafizah Zainuddin of Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM) by a majority of 3,869 votes and with 57.21% votes.[15]
- May 17 – 2024 Ulu Tiram police station attack: Two police officers are killed in an attack by a suspected Jemaah Islamiyah militant on a police station in Ulu Tiram, Johore. The attacker is shot dead by police.[16]
- May 18 – Two men are arrested after trying to enter the Istana Negara with a machete.[17]
June
edit- June 10 – The government rationalises diesel subsidies by lifting fuel subsidies in Peninsular Malaysia, resulting in a 56% price increase in diesel, from RM 2.15 to RM 3.35 per litre and subsidising only targeted groups RM 200 monthly.[18]
- June 13 – The US embassy announces the return of $156 million in assets linked to the 1MDB scandal to Malaysia following an investigation by the US Department of Justice.[19]
- June 14 – A fire breaks out in a building at the Genting SkyWorlds outdoor theme park in Genting Highlands, Pahang. No casualties are reported.[20]
- June 15 – Two men, one of them involved in nearly 40 offences, are killed in a shoot-out with police outside a suburb of Johor Bahru.[21]
- June 17 – Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim announces that the retail prices of Grade A, B and C eggs nationwide have been reduced by 3 cents per egg in the new subsidy initiative. Following this, the new prices of Grade A, B and C eggs are set at 42, 40 and 38 cents per egg respectively.[22]
- June 24 – Authorities announce the arrest of eight people in four states on suspicion of links to Islamic State and plotting against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong Ibrahim Iskandar, Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim and other leading officials.[23]
July
edit- July 3 – A High court dismisses an appeal by former Prime Minister Najib Razak to have his jail sentence for corruption served at home.[24]
- July 4 – At least 39 people are sickened following a gas leak at an aircraft engineering facility in Kuala Lumpur International Airport.[25]
- July 6 – 2024 Sungai Bakap by-election: Abidin Ismail of Perikatan Nasional (PN) wins the seat after defeating Joohari Ariffin of Pakatan Harapan (PH) by a majority of 4,267 votes and with 58.63% of the votes.[26]
- July 20 – Installation of Yang di-Pertuan Agong XVII: Sultan of Johor Ibrahim Iskandar is installed as the 17th Yang di-Pertuan Agong in a ceremony at Istana Negara.[27]
- July 26 – August 11 : Malaysia at the 2024 Summer Olympics[28]
- July 28 – Malaysia formally applies to become a member of the BRICS economic bloc and geopolitical organization.[29]
- July 30 – Former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad is discharged from the National Heart Institute (IJN) after a two-week stay for treatment of a cough.[30]
August
edit- August 4 – Malaysia issues a travel warning urging its citizens to not visit the United Kingdom due to ongoing violent riots.[31]
- August 20 – Former Prime Minister Najib Razak retracts his appeal to recuse a judge from hearing his ongoing RM2.27 billion 1MDB abuse of power and money laundering trial.[32]
- August 25 – The Royal Malaysian Navy vessel KD Pendekar sinks off the coast of Johor after hitting an unidentified underwater object. All 39 sailors on board are rescued.[33]
- August 27 – Former Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin is charged with sedition following a 14 August speech in which he questioned then Yang di-Pertuan Agong Abdullah of Pahang's decision not to reappoint him as prime minister following the 2022 Malaysian general election.[34]
- August 28 –
- The Federal Criminal Court of Switzerland convicts two PetroSaudi executives to six and seven years in prison respectively for embezzling more than US$1.8 billion from the Malaysian strategic development firm 1Malaysia Development Berhad.[35]
- August 28 – September 8 : Malaysia at the 2024 Summer Paralympics
September
edit- September 11 – Police rescue 402 minors suspected of being sexually abused at Islamic charity homes linked to GISB in Selangor and Negeri Sembilan. Around 171 suspects are arrested.[36]
- September 19 – Nasiruddin Mohd Ali, CEO of GISB Holdings (Global Ikhwan Services and Business), is arrested along with 18 others as part of an investigation into the child sexual abuse case involving GISB.[37]
- September 23 – Police rescue 187 minors suspected of being sexually abused at Islamic charity homes linked to GISB nationwide.[38]
October
edit- October 2 – The Federal Court upholds the death penalty for seven Filipino men who participated in the 2013 Lahad Datu standoff.[39]
- October 7 – Regent of Johor, Tunku Ismail Idris declares to reverse back to Saturday and Sunday as new weekend holidays for the state of Johor which will be re-implemented from January 1, 2025, in contrast to the current Friday and Saturday weekend that was re-implemented for over a decade since January 1, 2014 and prior to that, until December 31, 1993 (together with the state of Perlis on that time).
- October 15 – Former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad has been hospitalized at the National Heart Institute in Kuala Lumpur for a respiratory infection.[40]
- October 21 – A court in the Philippines convicts 17 members of the Abu Sayyaf Group, including Rajah Solaiman Movement founder Hilarion Del Rosario Santos III, for their participation in the 2000 Sipadan kidnappings and sentences them to life imprisonment.[41]
- October 23 - Nasiruddin Mohd Ali, CEO of GISB Holdings, along with 22 others including his wife and a son of Ashaari Muhammad, are charged at the Selayang Sessions Court for being members of an organised crime group.[42]
- October 24 – A bus carrying Japanese tourists collides with a truck in Taiping, Perak, killing one person and injuring 12 others.[43]
- October 28 – Former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad has been discharged from hospital after being admitted with a respiratory infection.[44]
- October 29 – The Ministry of Finance in a parliamentary disclosure reveals significant losses by Khazanah and PNB in their investments in FashionValet.[45][46] The announcement sparked public outcry and prompted investigations.[47][48][49]
November
edit- 2 November – 2024 Malaysian United Indigenous Party leadership election.[50]
- 27 November – The Kuala Lumpur High Court discharges a case of criminal breach of trust against former prime minister Najib Razak over the 1MDB scandal, citing procedural delays. However, the court also allows the filing of six addition cases against Najib and his treasury secretary Mohd Irwan Serigar Abdullah for misappropriating 6.6 billion ringgit ($1.5 billion) in public funds earmarked for 1MDB’s settlement payment to International Petroleum Investment Company of the United Arab Emirates.[51]
- 30 November – At least four people are killed and 122,000 others are displaced following days of flooding in nine states caused by heavy rains.[52]
December
edit- 4 December – The kebaya is recognised as part of UNESCO's Intangible Heritage list.[53]
- 12 December – Ahmad Muhaimin and Minbappe win Malaysia's first ever football e-sports record in the FIFAe World Cup after beating Indonesia in the final.[54]
- 19 December – The High Court acquitts Rosmah Mansor, the wife of former Prime Minister Najib Razak, of 12 money laundering charges involving RM7 million and five charges of failing to declare her income to the Inland Revenue Board (IRB).[55]
- 20 December - The government agrees to restart the search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.[56]
Deaths
editJanuary
edit- January 1 – Fadzilah Abu Hasan, Minister-Counsellor of Economic Affairs at the Embassy of Malaysia in Bangkok.[57]
- January 3 – Md Shah Othman, keyboard player of the bands Kembara and Ilusi.[58]
- January 5
- January 13 – Abdullah CD, former Chairman of the Malayan Communist Party (CMP).[61]
- January 20 – Devaki Krishnan, the first woman elected to public office and the grandmother of Deputy Minister of Entrepreneur Development and Cooperative Ramanan Ramakrishnan.[62]
- January 25 – Wong Seng Chow, former Deputy Minister of Transport and veteran of the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA).[63]
February
editMarch
edit- March 17 – Nur Adika Bujang, Bernama journalist based in Sandakan, Sabah.[65]
- March 21 – Lee Kee Hiong, Member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Kuala Kubu Baharu.[66]
April
edit- April 3 – Jaafar Onn, actor, singer and television presenter.[67]
- April 17 – Joseph Kurup, founder and 1st President of the Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS).[68]
- April 20 – Mohammed Hanif Omar, 4th Inspector-General of Police (IGP).[69]
May
edit- May 10 – Mutang Tagal, 20th President of the Dewan Negara and Senator.[70]
- May 24 – Nor Zamri Latiff, Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Sungai Bakap.
June
edit- June 8 – Musa Mohamad, former Minister of Education.
- June 16 – Ariah Tengku Ahmad, first female and former Deputy Chief Minister of Sabah and State Minister of Social Services of Sabah.[71]
- June 29 – Syed Husin Ali, former Deputy President of the People's Justice Party (PKR).
July
editAugust
edit- August 2 – Sharifah Azizah Syed Zain, Member of the Johor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Mahkota.
September
edit- September 17 – Ahmad Mohd Don, 5th Governor of Bank Negara Malaysia.
- September 20 – Eddin Syazlee Shith, former Deputy Minister and former MP for Kuala Pilah.[75]
October
edit- October 15 – Hiew King Cheu, former MP for Kota Kinabalu and former MLA for Luyang.
- October 19 – Vadiveloo Govindasamy, 10th President of the Dewan Negara.
November
edit- November 10 – Rosnah Abd Majid, former MLA for Tanjong Dawai and first winner for Kinjai awards.
- November 13
- Daim Zainuddin, former Minister of Finance.
- Wan Zaki Wan Muda, founder of Ahmad Zaki Resources Berhad.
- November 15 – Ibrahim Saad, former Deputy Minister of Transport.
- November 24 – Ahmad Nawab, singer, composer and saxophonist.
- November 28 – Ananda Krishnan, founder of Usaha Tegas Sdn. Bhd.[76]
December
edit- December 12 – Muhammad Said Jonit, former MLA for Mahkota.
References
edit- ^ "Central Database Hub (Padu) is now live". The Star. 2 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ "Malaysians can renew driving license, road tax via MyJPJ app from Feb 1, says Loke". The Star. 2 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
- ^ "King opens Menara Merdeka 118". Malay Mail. 10 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
- ^ "Sultan Ibrahim takes oath as 17th Yang di-Pertuan Agong". The Star. 31 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
- ^ "Najib gets reduction in jail time, fine". The Star. 2 February 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ^ "Malaysia's top court declares several Islamic laws in Kelantan state unconstitutional". CNA. Retrieved 2024-02-09.
- ^ "Stoking Kalimah Allah Dijual, Firdaus Wong Minta Tindakan Segera". My Berita. 15 March 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Dr Mahathir discharged from IJN after two months". www.malaymail.com. 2024-03-18.
- ^ Two killed, four injured after lorry slams into Singaporean big bike convoy in Batu Pahat
- ^ Suspected Israeli spy identified as Shalom Avitan
- ^ "Bodyguard injured after man shoots at wife at Kuala Lumpur airport, manhunt underway". CNA. Retrieved 2024-04-14.
- ^ "Ten dead as Navy helicopters collide mid-air in Malaysia". BBC. 23 April 2024. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
- ^ "Malaysian national footballer Faisal Halim suffers burns after acid attack". The Straits Times. 6 May 2024. Retrieved July 13, 2024.
- ^ Massive tree falls across busy road in Malaysian capital, killing one man, damaging cars
- ^ PH's victory margin wider than expected in Kuala Kubu Baharu by-election, say analysts
- ^ "Two officers killed in suspected JI attack on Malaysian police station". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
- ^ "Two men caught trying to enter Istana Negara with machete". The Star. 18 May 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
- ^ "Diesel prices jump 56% as Malaysia revamps decades-old fuel subsidies". Associated Press. 10 June 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ "Malaysia handed back $156m in stolen 1MDB funds, US embassy says". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
- ^ "No casualties in Genting fire". Free Malaysia Today. 14 June 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ "Two men killed in Johor Bahru suburb shoot-out with Malaysian police". The Straits Times. 16 June 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ "Egg prices reduced by three sen nationwide". The Star. 17 June 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
- ^ "Malaysia detains 8 terror suspects, foiling possible threats against prime minister, king and others". Associated Press. 24 June 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
- ^ "Malaysian court tosses jailed ex-Prime Minister Najib's bid to serve graft sentence in house arrest". Associated Press. 3 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
- ^ "Gas leak at Malaysia's main international airport sickens 39". Al Jazeera. 5 July 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
- ^ "Sg Bakap polls: Perikatan's Abidin wins seat". The Star. 6 July 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
- ^ "Malaysia honors a new king in coronation marked by pomp and cannon fire". Associated Press. 20 July 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ "BERTRAND RHODICT, FIRST MALAYSIAN ATHLETE TO QUALIFY FOR PARIS 2024". BERNAMA. 2023-07-21. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ "Malaysia applies for BRICS membership: Premier Anwar Ibrahim". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
- ^ "Tun M discharged after two weeks in IJN". NST Online. 2024-07-30.
- ^ "'Do not visit UK protest areas' travel alert issued in Malaysia as violent riots bring havoc to streets". Yahoo News. 2024-08-05. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
- ^ Rashid, Hidir Reduan Abdul (2024-08-20). "Najib withdraws appeal to recuse 1MDB judge". Malaysiakini.
- ^ "Malaysian naval attack ship sinks after hitting unknown object". AP News. 2024-08-26. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
- ^ "Former Malaysian leader Muhyiddin charged with sedition for allegedly mocking former king". AP News. 2024-08-27. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
- ^ "Swiss court convicts two executives for embezzling $1.8bn from 1MDB". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
- ^ "Malaysia's police rescue 402 children after sex abuse allegations at Islamic welfare homes". Associated Press. September 12, 2024.
- ^ "Malaysian police detain CEO and other leaders of Islamic group as probe into child sex abuse widens". Associated Press. September 19, 2024.
- ^ "Malaysian police rescue 187 more children as sex abuse probe of Islamic group deepens". Associated Press. September 23, 2024.
- ^ "I forgive but punishment is just, says widow". The Star. 3 October 2024. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ "Malaysia Ex-Premier Mahathir, 99, Hospitalized for Infection". Bloomberg.com. 2024-10-16.
- ^ Ayalin, Adrian (October 21, 2024). "17 Abu Sayyaf men found guilty over 2000 Sipadan kidnapping". ABS-CBN. Retrieved October 21, 2024.
- ^ "Malaysia charges 22 members of an Islamic business group, including its CEO, for organized crime". Associated Press. October 23, 2024.
- ^ "1 dead and 12 injured after bus carrying Japanese tourists smashes into truck in Malaysia". Associated Press. October 25, 2024. Retrieved October 26, 2024.
- ^ France-Presse, Agence (2024-10-29). "Malaysia's ex-PM Mahathir, 99, discharged from hospital". INQUIRER.net.
- ^ Amin, Luqman (October 29, 2024). "Khazanah, PNB sold their RM47 mil stakes in FashionValet for just RM3.1 mil — MOF". The Edge Malaysia. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
- ^ Jalil, Asila (November 1, 2024). "Khazanah "responsibly exited" FashionValet in late 2023". New Straits Times. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
- ^ "MACC confiscates documents from MoF, Khazanah in Fashion Valet probe". Free Malaysia Today. November 4, 2024. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
- ^ Leong, Adeline (November 5, 2024). "MACC Raided FashionValet Offices, Vivy Yusof & Husband Called To Give Statement". The Rakyat Post. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
- ^ Anis, Mazwin Nik (November 5, 2024). "FashionValet founders arrive at MACC HQ to record statement". The Star. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
- ^ "Pemilihan Bersatu mungkin tahun depan - Muhyiddin". Astro Awani. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
- ^ "Malaysian court drops one of the graft cases against jailed former premier Najib Razak". Associated Press. 27 November 2024. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- ^ "More than 122,000 people evacuated in Malaysia due to floods". France 24. 30 November 2024. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
- ^ "Kebaya inscribed onto UNESCO intangible cultural heritage list". CNA. Retrieved 2024-12-12.
- ^ Noor, Azim (December 12, 2024). "Malaysia Muncul Juara Dunia". Ultras Sukan.
- ^ "High Court acquits Rosmah of 17 charges over RM7m money laundering and tax evasion". Malay Mail. 2024-12-19.
- ^ "Malaysia agrees to resume search for missing MH370 plane". France 24. 2024-12-20. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
- ^ "Official at Malaysia's embassy in Bangkok passes away". The Star. 2 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ "Kembara and Illusi keyboard player Md Shah passes away at 73". The Star. 3 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ "Senario's Hamdan passes away". The Star. 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
- ^ "Renowned Sarawakian poetess Nyong Aji passes away". The Star. 8 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ "Former CMP chairman Abdullah CD passes away at 100". The Star. 13 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
- ^ "First Malaysian woman elected to public office passes away, aged 100". The Star. 21 January 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
- ^ "MCA extends condolences to Wong Seng Chow's family". The Star. 27 January 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ^ "Former Sarawak governor Taib Mahmud passes away". www.thestar.com.my. 21 February 2024.
- ^ "Bernama journalist found dead in Sandakan". The Star. 17 March 2024. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
- ^ "Kuala Kubu Baharu assemblyman Lee Kee Hiong passes away". The Star. 21 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
- ^ Malaysian actor Jaafar Onn passes away at 73
- ^ "PBRS founder Joseph Kurup passes away at 80". The Star. 17 April 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
- ^ "Former IGP Tun Hanif Omar passes away". www.thestar.com.my. 20 April 2024.
- ^ "Dewan Negara president Mutang Tagal passes away". The Star. 10 May 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
- ^ "Sabah's first female deputy chief minister Ariah Tengku Ahmad dies at 86". The Star. 16 June 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ "Former chief justice Dzaiddin Abdullah dies". New Straits Times. 11 July 2024. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
- ^ Prominent MCA veteran Tun Michael Chen passes away at 92
- ^ Reporters, F. M. T. (2024-07-27). "Former minister Siti Zaharah Sulaiman dies, aged 75". Former minister Siti Zaharah Sulaiman dies, aged 75. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ "Former communications and multimedia deputy minister Eddin Syazlee passes away". The Star. 20 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ "Malaysian billionaire tycoon Ananda Krishnan dies at age 86". Associated Press. 29 November 2024. Retrieved 29 November 2024.