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2020 Arizona Democratic presidential primary

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The 2020 Arizona Democratic presidential primary took place on March 17, 2020, the third primary Tuesday of the month, as one of three contests on the same day in the Democratic Party primaries for the 2020 presidential election, while the contest in Ohio had been postponed for roughly a month. The closed primary allocated 80 delegates towards the 2020 Democratic National Convention, of which 67 were pledged delegates allocated according to the results of the primary.

2020 Arizona Democratic presidential primary
← 2016 March 17, 2020 2024 →
← MP
FL →
80 delegates (67 pledged, 13 unpledged)
to the Democratic National Convention
The number of pledged delegates won is determined by the popular vote
 
Candidate Joe Biden Bernie Sanders
Home state Delaware Vermont
Delegate count 38 29
Popular vote 268,029 200,456
Percentage 43.70% 32.70%
 
Candidate Michael Bloomberg
(withdrawn)[a] 		Elizabeth Warren
(withdrawn)[b]
Home state New York Massachusetts
Delegate count 0 0
Popular vote 58,797 35,537
Percentage 9.59% 5.79%
Election results by county
  Joe Biden
  Bernie Sanders
Pledged national
convention delegates
Type Del.
CD1 5
CD2 6
CD3 5
CD4 3
CD5 5
CD6 5
CD7 4
CD8 5
CD9 6
PLEO 9
At-large 14
Total pledged delegates 67

Three major candidates ran in the primary, including former vice president Joe Biden, senator Bernie Sanders from Vermont, and representative Tulsi Gabbard from Hawaii's 2nd district. 12 other candidates who withdrew prior to the contest were also on the ballot, along with three minor candidates. Biden won the primary, with almost 44% of the vote and 38 delegates, while Sanders came in second place with almost 33% of the vote and 29 delegates. In a distant third was former mayor Michael Bloomberg, who came close to 10%, even though he had suspended his campaign nearly two weeks before and had issued an official withdrawal with the state, still remaining on the ballot.

Biden won 13 of 15 counties, with the exception of Coconino and Yuma, and 7 of 9 congressional districts.[1] Key to his victory were white voters, whom he won 51-32 per CNN exit polls, and suburban voters, who he won 53–32.[2] In a stark contrast from 2016, Sanders' strength was reliant primarily on non-white and Hispanic voters, whom Biden won by only 47-45 and 45–44, respectively. Biden would ultimately win the state of Arizona in the general election by 10,457 votes, making him the first Democrat to win it since Bill Clinton in 1996 and only the second since Harry Truman did so in 1948.

Procedure

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Sanders at a rally in Phoenix on March 5, 2020

Arizona was one of three states holding primaries on March 17, 2020, alongside Florida and Illinois, while only one day before Ohio had been the first state to postpone its primary due to the COVID-19 pandemic and cancel in-person voting, accepting ballots until April 28 instead.

Voters had to have registered as Democrats by February 18 to be eligible for voting in the primary. Arizona mailed ballots to voters on the permanent early voting list. Ballots had to be received by 7:00 p.m. on March 17, 2020. In addition, some Arizona counties offered early voting sites, where any voter could walk in and vote in person, Monday to Friday, from February 19 through March 13, 2020.[3][4] Voting took place from 6:00 a.m. until 7:00 p.m MST. In the closed primary, candidates had to meet a threshold of 15 percent at the congressional district or statewide level in order to be considered viable for delegates. The 67 pledged delegates to the 2020 Democratic National Convention were allocated proportionally on the basis of the results of the primary. Of these, between 3 and 6 were allocated to each of the state's 9 congressional districts and another 9 were allocated to party leaders and elected officials (PLEO delegates), in addition to 14 at-large delegates.[5] As a March primary on Stage I of the primary timetable Arizona received no bonus delegates, in order to disperse the primaries between more different date clusters and keep too many states from hoarding on a March date.[6]

District caucuses were held on April 18, 2020, to designate national convention district delegates. The state convention and state committee meeting were subsequently held on May 16, 2020, to vote on the 14 at-large and 9 pledged PLEO delegates for the Democratic National Convention. The delegation also included 13 unpledged PLEO delegates: 7 members of the Democratic National Committee and 6 members of Congress (one senator and 5 representatives).[5]

Candidates

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The following candidates appeared on the ballot in Arizona. Candidates that had filed a formal withdrawal with the office remained on the ballot because it had already been printed but their votes were not individually published in the final canvass, making them effectively ineligible.[7]

Running

Withdrawn

Formal withdrawal (ineligible)

Polling

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Polling aggregation
Source of poll aggregation Date updated Dates polled Joe
Biden 		Bernie
Sanders 		Tulsi
Gabbard 		Other/
Undecided[e]
270 to Win[8] Mar 17, 2020 Mar 3–16, 2020 50.6% 29.4% 1.0% 19.0%
RealClear Politics[9] Mar 17, 2020 Mar 6–15, 2020 51.7% 33.7% 1.0% 13.6%
FiveThirtyEight[10] Mar 17, 2020 until Mar 16, 2020[f] 51.6% 26.9% 1.1% 20.4%
Average 51.3% 30.0% 1.0% 17.7%
Tabulation of individual polls of the 2020 Arizona Democratic primary
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[g] 		Margin
of error 		Joe
Biden 		Michael
Bloomberg 		Pete
Buttigieg 		Kamala
Harris 		Bernie
Sanders 		Elizabeth
Warren 		Andrew
Yang 		Other Undecided
Swayable[11] Mar 16, 2020 1,167 (LV) ± 5.0% 53% – – – 29% – – 19%[h] –
Marist/NBC News[12] Mar 10–15, 2020 523 (LV) ± 6.0% 53% – – – 36% – – 8%[i] 3%
913 (RV) ± 4.5% 50% – – – 37% – – 9%[j] 5%
Monmouth University[13] Mar 11–14, 2020 373 (LV) ± 5.1% 51% 5% 3% – 31% 3% – 2%[k] 5%
Latino Decisions/Univision/
Arizona State University[14] 		Mar 6–11, 2020 541 (LV) ± 4.2% 57%[l] – – – 38%[l] – – – 5%[l]
51% – – – 34% – – 6%[m] 8%
March 4–5, 2020 Bloomberg and Warren withdraw from the race
OH Predictive Insights[15] Mar 3–4, 2020 398 (LV) ± 4.9% 45% 12% – – 17% 13% – 4%[n] 9%
March 1–2, 2020 Buttigieg and Klobuchar withdraw from the race
February 11, 2020 New Hampshire primary; Yang withdraws from the race after close of polls
Dec 3, 2019 Harris withdraws from the race
OH Predictive Insights[16] Oct 31 – Nov 8, 2019 260 (LV) ± 6.1% 29% – 9% 5% 16% 18% 4% 19%[o] –
Emerson Polling[17] Oct 25–28, 2019 339 ± 5.2% 28% – 12% 4% 21% 21% 5% 7%[p] –
Siena Research/New York Times[18] Oct 13–26, 2019 209 – 24% – 5% 3% 16% 15% 1% 1%[q] 31%
Change Research[19] Sep 27–28, 2019 396 (LV) – 15% – 13% 4% 19% 35% 8% 7%[r] –
Bendixen&Amandi[20] Sep 9–12, 2019 250 ± 4.3% 29% – 5% 4% 18% 24% 2% 8%[s] 10%
Zogby Analytics[21] May 23–29, 2019 197 ± 7.0% 35% – 6% 4% 16% 10% 0% 11%[t] –

Results

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Popular vote share by county
  Biden—40–50%
  Biden—50–60%
  Sanders—30–40%
  Sanders—40–50%
2020 Arizona Democratic presidential primary[22]
Candidate Votes % Delegates[23]
Joe Biden 268,029 43.70 38
Bernie Sanders 200,456 32.70 29
Elizabeth Warren (withdrawn)[d] 35,537 5.79
Pete Buttigieg (withdrawn)[c] 24,868 4.05
Tulsi Gabbard 3,014 0.49
Andrew Yang (withdrawn) 1,921 0.31
Julian Castro (withdrawn) 754 0.12
Marianne Williamson (withdrawn) 668 0.11
Deval Patrick (withdrawn) 242 0.04
Henry Hewes 208 0.03
Other candidates 812 0.13
Other votes 4,942 0.81
Ineligible candidates[u]

0Michael Bloomberg
0Amy Klobuchar
0Tom Steyer
0John Delaney
0Cory Booker
0Michael Bennet

71,904

58,797
10,333
1,381
505
494
394

11.72

9.59
1.68
0.23
0.08
0.08
0.06

Total 613,355 100% 67

By county

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County[22] Joe Biden Bernie Sanders Elizabeth Warren
(withdrawn†) 		Pete Buttigieg
(withdrawn†) 		Tulsi Gabbard Andrew Yang
(withdrawn) 		Julián Castro
(withdrawn) 		Marianne Williamson
(withdrawn) 		Rocky De La Fuente Deval Patrick
(withdrawn) 		Henry Hewes Michael A. Ellinger Others[v][w] Margin Total votes cast Eligible voters Voter turnout
# % # % # % # % # % # % # % # % # % # % # % # % # % # %
Apache 3,092 44.0% 2,523 35.9% 252 3.6% 143 2.0% 48 0.7% 36 0.5% 20 0.3% 25 0.4% 26 0.4% 22 0.3% 13 0.2% 10 0.1% 818 11.6% 569 8.1% 7,028 28,734 24.5%
Cochise 4,123 41.7% 2,694 27.3% 678 6.9% 466 4.7% 93 0.9% 34 0.3% 22 0.2% 20 0.2% 26 0.3% 10 0.1% 8 0.1% 4 0.0% 1,710 17.3% 1,429 14.4% 9,888 20,356 48.6%
Coconino 6,578 37.4% 7,650 43.5% 1,255 7.1% 527 3.0% 94 0.5% 64 0.4% 16 0.1% 23 0.1% 17 0.1% 13 0.1% 9 0.1% 5 0.0% 1,354 7.7% –1,072 –6.1% 17,605 35,901 49.0%
Gila 2,041 47.8% 928 21.7% 192 4.5% 181 4.2% 37 0.9% 25 0.6% 10 0.2% 24 0.6% 8 0.2% 3 0.0% 11 0.3% 2 0.1% 807 18.9% 1,113 26.1% 4,269 8,845 48.3%
Graham 774 46.2% 420 25.0% 70 4.2% 44 2.6% 17 1.0% 14 0.8% 8 0.5% 5 0.3% 10 0.6% 0 0.0% 2 0.1% 0 0.0% 313 18.7% 354 21.1% 1,677 5,082 33.0%
Greenlee 316 45.0% 138 19.6% 25 3.6% 30 4.3% 14 2.0% 6 0.9% 4 0.6% 1 0.1% 4 0.6% 0 0.0% 3 0.4% 1 0.1% 161 22.9% 178 25.3% 703 1,756 40.0%
La Paz 323 44.8% 193 26.8% 29 4.0% 21 2.9% 6 0.8% 6 0.8% 5 0.7% 3 0.4% 2 0.3% 1 0.1% 1 0.1% 2 0.3% 129 17.9% 130 18.0% 721 2,282 31.6%
Maricopa 153,707 42.9% 120,379 33.6% 20,584 5.7% 15,346 4.3% 1,620 0.4% 1,109 0.3% 345 0.1% 307 0.1% 297 0.1% 121 0.0% 99 0.0% 92 0.0% 44,384 12.4% 33,328 9.3% 358,390 732,376 48.9%
Mohave 4,450 47.4% 2,142 22.8% 432 4.6% 493 5.3% 64 0.7% 38 0.4% 7 0.1% 18 0.2% 16 0.2% 7 0.1% 7 0.1% 5 0.4% 1,701 18.1% 2,308 24.6% 9,380 20,872 44.9%
Navajo 3,585 44.3% 2,617 32.8% 316 3.9% 193 2.4% 54 0.7% 59 0.7% 14 0.2% 25 0.3% 18 0.2% 11 0.1% 14 0.2% 10 0.1% 1,169 14.5% 968 12.0% 8,085 25,215 32.1%
Pima 60,622 45.3% 42,954 32.1% 8,602 6.4% 4,907 3.7% 613 0.5% 306 0.2% 149 0.1% 105 0.1% 88 0.1% 32 0.0% 20 0.0% 33 0.0% 15,378 11.5% 17,668 13.2% 133,809 237,568 56.3%
Pinal 12,450 48.4% 6,658 25.9% 1,165 4.5% 1,030 4.0% 148 0.6% 106 0.4% 39 0.2% 33 0.1% 45 0.2% 6 0.0% 12 0.1% 3 0.0% 4,032 15.7% 5,792 22.5% 25,727 60,034 42.9%
Santa Cruz 1,876 40.6% 1,547 33.5% 194 4.2% 131 2.8% 15 0.3% 18 0.4% 22 0.5% 12 0.3% 25 0.5% 2 0.0% 0 0.0% 6 0.1% 775 16.8% 329 7.1% 4,623 13,552 34.1%
Yavapai 10,317 47.9% 5,717 26.5% 1,355 6.3% 1,015 4.7% 129 0.6% 56 0.3% 5 0.0% 42 0.2% 5 0.0% 3 0.0% 5 0.0% 3 0.0% 2,891 13.4% 4,600 21.4% 21,543 31,856 67.6%
Yuma 3,775 38.1% 3,896 39.3% 388 3.9% 341 3.4% 62 0.6% 44 0.4% 88 0.9% 25 0.3% 41 0.4% 11 0.1% 4 0.0% 8 0.1% 1,224 12.4% –121 –1.2% 9,907 31,914 31.0%
Totals 268,029 43.7% 200,456 32.7% 35,537 5.8% 24,868 4.1% 3,014 0.5% 1,921 0.3% 754 0.1% 668 0.1% 628 0.1% 242 0.0% 208 0.0% 184 0.0% 76,846 12.5% 67,573 11.0% 613,355 1,256,343 48.8%

By congressional district

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Congressional district[22] Joe Biden Bernie Sanders Elizabeth Warren
(withdrawn†) 		Pete Buttigieg
(withdrawn†) 		Tulsi Gabbard Andrew Yang
(withdrawn) 		Julián Castro
(withdrawn) 		Marianne Williamson
(withdrawn) 		Rocky De La Fuente Deval Patrick
(withdrawn) 		Henry Hewes Michael A. Ellinger Others[x][w] Margin Total votes cast Eligible voters Voter turnout
# % # % # % # % # % # % # % # % # % # % # % # % # % # %
1st 32,749 45.8% 22,336 31.2% 3,776 5.3% 2,472 3.5% 432 0.6% 302 0.4% 107 0.2% 119 0.2% 117 0.2% 53 0.1% 55 0.1% 33 0.1% 8,954 12.5% 10,413 14.6% 71,505 167,908 42.6%
2nd 43,970 45.9% 28,927 30.2% 6,741 7.0% 3,814 4.0% 479 0.5% 240 0.3% 82 0.1% 88 0.1% 72 0.1% 30 0.0% 19 0.0% 18 0.0% 11,238 11.7% 15,043 15.7% 95,718 160,428 59.7%
3rd 23,744 38.7% 24,766 40.4% 2,724 4.4% 1,595 2.6% 292 0.5% 180 0.3% 222 0.4% 72 0.1% 115 0.2% 34 0.1% 17 0.0% 31 0.1% 7,505 12.2% −1,022 −1.7% 61,297 158,635 38.6%
4th 22,338 47.4% 11,925 25.3% 2,550 5.4% 2,298 4.9% 293 0.6% 164 0.4% 42 0.1% 100 0.2% 61 0.1% 20 0.0% 31 0.1% 15 0.0% 7,291 15.5% 10,413 22.1% 47,128 90,296 52.2%
5th 27,851 44.3% 19,636 31.3% 3,721 5.9% 3,020 4.8% 302 0.5% 210 0.3% 36 0.1% 58 0.1% 35 0.1% 8 0.0% 13 0.0% 13 0.0% 7,920 12.6% 8,215 13.1% 62,823 121,006 51.9%
6th 34,295 47.4% 19,878 27.5% 4,240 5.9% 3,570 4.9% 347 0.5% 156 0.2% 33 0.1% 57 0.1% 34 0.1% 20 0.0% 15 0.0% 10 0.0% 9,676 13.4% 14,417 19.9% 72,331 129,893 55.7%
7th 19,789 35.6% 24,701 44.4% 2,676 4.8% 1,572 2.8% 182 0.3% 191 0.3% 124 0.2% 42 0.1% 77 0.1% 27 0.1% 11 0.0% 23 0.0% 6,202 11.2% −4,912 −8.8% 55,617 148,509 37.5%
8th 30,863 46.8% 17,537 26.8% 3,420 5.2% 3,098 4.7% 334 0.5% 206 0.3% 59 0.1% 74 0.1% 59 0.1% 22 0.0% 28 0.0% 21 0.0% 9,985 15.3% 13,057 20.0% 65,437 123,996 52.8%
9th 32,699 40.1% 30,750 37.7% 5,689 7.0% 3,429 4.2% 353 0.4% 272 0.3% 49 0.1% 58 0.1% 58 0.1% 28 0.0% 19 0.0% 20 0.0% 8,075 9.9% 1,949 2.4% 81,499 155,672 52.4%
Totals 268,029 43.7% 200,456 32.7% 35,537 5.8% 24,868 4.1% 3,014 0.5% 1,921 0.3% 754 0.1% 668 0.1% 628 0.1% 242 0.0% 208 0.0% 184 0.0% 76,846 12.5% 67,573 11.0% 613,355 1,256,343 48.8%

Analysis

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Arizona was a hotly contested state throughout both the primary and general election seasons due to its rapidly diversifying electorate. A high concentration of Hispanic and Latino voters as well as an intense swing to the left in suburban areas and the Republican Party having moved to the right, strengthened Democratic support while drawing new divides in the Democratic Party.[27] In 2016, Hillary Clinton defeated Bernie Sanders by a 14.9% margin;[28] despite Sanders being trailing Biden significantly nationwide, he actually improved on his performance in Arizona in 2020, losing it by an 11.0% margin.[22] This improvement was mostly attributable to improvements among Hispanic and Latino voters: Sanders performed well among that demographic throughout the primary as opposed to 2016, when Clinton handily carried regions with high densities of Hispanic voters.[29] Per CNN exit polls,[2] Biden won Hispanic voters 45-44 compared to white voters, who he won 51–32. Sanders won Yuma County, where 64.6% of the population are Hispanic or Latino, as well as Arizona's 3rd and 7th congressional districts; the former, home to Tucson, Yuma, and most of the southern border, is 65.1% Hispanic,[30] while the latter, composing much of inner Phoenix, is 64.0% Hispanic.[31] Nonetheless, Biden's performance represented a significant improvement among voters of these demographics from earlier in the primary,[29] which was compounded by a strong performance in the state's suburbs. He won Maricopa County, which holds Phoenix and 61.6% of the population, by 33,328 votes,[22] largely due to the Phoenix suburbs, which have been reliably Republican since the 1950s but have recently shifted to the left.[27] He also won Pima County, the second largest county and home to Tucson, by 17,668 votes.[22]

The results of the primary would be reflected in the general election: Biden would end up winning Arizona by 10,457 votes, the first Democrat to do so since Bill Clinton in 1996 and only the second since Harry S. Truman in 1948. He would also become the first to win crucial Maricopa County since Truman. His performance in predominantly-Hispanic areas in urban areas and along the southern border would also decline compared to 2016, though would be supplemented by a raw increase in voter turnout.[32]

Notes

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  1. ^ Bloomberg publicly withdrew on March 4, 2020, thirteen days before the primary, and later also officially withdrew in the state, but absentee and early voting had already occurred and he was not taken off the ballot.
  2. ^ Warren withdrew on March 5, 2020, twelve days before the primary. Absentee and early voting had already occurred.
  3. ^ a b Candidate withdrew before Super Tuesday during early voting.
  4. ^ a b Candidate withdrew after Super Tuesday during early voting.
  5. ^ Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined
  6. ^ FiveThirtyEight aggregates polls with a trendline regression of polls rather than a strict average of recent polls.
  7. ^ Key:
    A – all adults
    RV – registered voters
    LV – likely voters
    V – unclear
  8. ^ Gabbard with 1%; "Other" with 18%
  9. ^ Gabbard with 1%; "Other" with 7%
  10. ^ Gabbard with 2%; "Other" with 7%
  11. ^ Gabbard and Klobuchar with 1%; "Other" with <1%
  12. ^ a b c In a two-person race
  13. ^ Gabbard with 1%; "Other" with 5%
  14. ^ "Another Candidate" with 4%
  15. ^ Booker, Castro and Klobuchar with 2%; Bennet, Gabbard, O'Rourke and Steyer with 1%; Delaney with 0%; Bullock and Williamson with no voters; other with 7%
  16. ^ Gabbard, Klobuchar and O'Rourke with 2%; Sestak with 1%; Bennet, Booker, Bullock, Castro, Delaney, Steyer and Williamson with 0%; someone else with 2%
  17. ^ Klobuchar with 1%; Booker, Gabbard and O'Rourke with 0%; others with 0%
  18. ^ O'Rourke with 3%; Booker, Castro, Gabbard and Klobuchar with 1%; Steyer with 0%
  19. ^ O'Rourke with 4%; Castro, Klobuchar and Williamson with 1%; someone else with 1%
  20. ^ Booker, Castro, Delaney, and O'Rourke with 2%; Gabbard, Gillibrand, and Hickenlooper with 1%; Inslee and Klobuchar with 0%
  21. ^ While Bloomberg, Klobuchar, Steyer, Delaney, Booker and Bennet had formally withdrawn and were not published in the final state canvass, those ballots were included by the state as part of overall cast ballots and any media covering the primary reported individual vote tallies for those candidates.[7][24][25]
  22. ^ Percentages reported by the Arizona Secretary of State do not add up to 100. This may be due to the fact that candidates who formally withdrew (Bennet, Bloomberg, Booker, Delaney, Klobuchar, and Steyer[26]) do not have their vote totals officially reported.[22]
  23. ^ a b Calculated by subtracting the totals of all reported candidates from the total votes reported.
  24. ^ Percentages reported by the Arizona Secretary of State do not add up to 100. This may be due to the fact that candidates who formally withdrew (Bennet, Bloomberg, Booker, Delaney, Klobuchar, and Steyer[26]) do not have their vote totals officially reported.[22]

References

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  1. ^ "State of Arizona Official Canvass 2020 Presidential Preference Election – Mar 17, 2020" (PDF). Arizona Secretary of State. March 30, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 19, 2020. Retrieved March 31, 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Arizona Primary Polls". CNN. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
  3. ^ "Early Voting Sites". Pima County Recorder. Archived from the original on October 5, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
  4. ^ "Democratic Presidential Preference Election – Vote Centers" (PDF). Maricopa County Recorder. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2020.
  5. ^ a b "Arizona Democratic Delegation 2020". The Green Papers. Archived from the original on July 14, 2017. Retrieved June 23, 2019.
  6. ^ "Democratic Timing Penalties and Bonuses". The Green Papers. November 24, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  7. ^ a b "2020 Presidential Preference Election – President of the United States (DEM)". Arizona Secretary of State. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
  8. ^ 270 to Win
  9. ^ RealClear Politics
  10. ^ FiveThirtyEight
  11. ^ Swayable Archived March 17, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Marist/NBC News
  13. ^ Monmouth University
  14. ^ Latino Decisions/Univision/
    Arizona State University
  15. ^ "OH Predictive Insights". Archived from the original on March 12, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
  16. ^ OH Predictive Insights
  17. ^ Emerson Polling
  18. ^ Siena Research/New York Times
  19. ^ Change Research
  20. ^ Bendixen&Amandi
  21. ^ Zogby Analytics
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h "State of Arizona Official Canvass: 2020 Presidential Preference Election – Mar 17, 2020" (PDF). Arizona Secretary of State. March 30, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
  23. ^ "2020 Presidential Primaries, Caucuses, and Conventions: Arizona Democrat". The Green Papers. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  24. ^ "2020 primary Elections Arizona results". NBC News. May 1, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  25. ^ "Live primary and caucus results – March 17th contests". Reuters Graphic. April 23, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  26. ^ a b "Running for Federal Office, Arizona Secretary of State". azsos.gov. Arizona Secretary of State. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
  27. ^ a b Savicki, Drew (October 5, 2020). "The Road to 270: Arizona". 270toWin. Archived from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
  28. ^ "State of Arizona Official Canvass – 2016 Presidential Preference Election – March 22, 2016" (PDF). Arizona Secretary of State. April 4, 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 18, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  29. ^ a b Klar, Rebecca (March 17, 2020). "Biden wins Arizona primary, capping off victories in three states". The Hill. Archived from the original on March 18, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  30. ^ "My Congressional District Arizona Congressional District 3". My Congressional District. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 3, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  31. ^ "My Congressional District Arizona Congressional District 7". My Congressional District. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  32. ^ Collins, Keith; Fessenden, Ford; Gamio, Lazaro; Harris, Rich; Keefe, John; Lu, Denise; Lutz, Eleanor; Walker, Amy Schoenfeld; Watkins, Derek (November 10, 2020). "Phoenix's Blue Wave Pushes Arizona Toward Biden". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
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