Wikipedia

2007 Ukrainian parliamentary election

Early parliamentary elections were held in Ukraine on 30 September 2007. The election date was determined following agreement between the President Viktor Yushchenko, the Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych and the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian Parliament) Oleksandr Moroz on 27 May 2007, in an attempt to resolve the political crisis in Ukraine triggered by the 2 April 2007 presidential decree on dissolution of Ukraine's parliament.[2][3]

2007 Ukrainian parliamentary election
← 2006 30 September 2007 2012 →
All 450 seats in the Verkhovna Rada
226 seats needed for a majority
Turnout62.03% (Decrease 5.52 pp)
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Viktor Yanukovych Yulia Tymoshenko Yuriy Lutsenko
Party Party of Regions Tymoshenko Bloc Our Ukraine Bloc
Leader since 19 April 2003 9 February 2001 15 April 2007
Last election 186 seats, 32.78% 129 seats, 22.75% 81 seats, 14.24%
Seats won 175 156 72
Seat change Decrease 11 Increase 27 Decrease 9
Popular vote 8,013,895 7,162,193 3,301,282
Percentage 34.94% 31.23% 14.39%
Swing Increase 2.16pp Increase 8.48pp Decrease 0.15pp
  Fourth party Fifth party
 
Leader Petro Symonenko Volodymyr Lytvyn
Party KPU Lytvyn Bloc
Leader since 19 June 1993 22 October 2005[1]
Last election 21 seats, 3.74% 0 seats, 2.49%
Seats won 27 20
Seat change Increase 6 Increase 20
Popular vote 1,257,291 924,538
Percentage 5.48% 4.03%
Swing Increase 1.78pp Increase 1.54pp
Results by electoral district
Prime Minister before election

Viktor Yanukovych
Party of Regions

Elected Prime Minister

Yulia Tymoshenko
BYuT (Batkivshchyna)

The 450 seats were divided among all parties that achieved a minimum 3% nationwide vote tally.[4] The number of seats that are allocated to each party, above the 3% participation rate quota, is calculated using the Hamilton method of apportionment.[5]

An alliance of two electoral blocs associated with the Orange Revolution, Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc (BYuT) and Our Ukraine-Peoples Self Defence (OU-PSD) obtained a narrow majority of seats,[6] leaving their main rival, the Party of Regions (PoR) in opposition.

Background

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Main article: 2007 Ukrainian political crisis

Following the 2006 parliamentary elections, there was an ongoing power struggle between the president and the parliamentary majority, which resulted in the dissolution of parliament.[7] The majority in the parliament, known as Coalition of National Unity, was formed by Party of Regions, Communist Party, and Socialist Party. It was opposed by Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc and Our Ukraine.

Early in 2007, several members of the opposition indicated their support to the ruling coalition. If sufficient numbers of members of parliament supported the government, the Coalition of National Unity could have secured a two-thirds majority, empowering the parliament to override the president's right of veto and enabling the parliament to initiate limited constitutional changes.

On 2 April 2007, Yushchenko decreed the dissolution of the Verkhovna Rada.[8]

The authority of the president to dismiss the parliament was challenged in the Constitutional Court,[9][10] however following the president's intervention in the operation of the Constitutional Court the court has not ruled on the constitutionality of the president's decree.[11][12][13][14][15][16]

The election was originally scheduled to be held on 27 May 2007 and later postponed to 24 June 2007. On 27 May 2007 an agreement was signed by President Viktor Yushchenko, Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych, and Parliamentary Speaker Oleksandr Moroz, scheduling the elections to be held on 30 September 2007. [17]

The President's previous decrees were revoked and a new decree based on the provisions of Article 82 and Article 90 of Ukraine's Constitution was issued in its place in August 2007 following the resignation of over 150 members of the opposition parties.

Timetable

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  • August 2 - Commencement of Official Campaign
  • August 3 - The Central Election Commission of Ukraine (CEC) is to make decision about giving an airtime for blocs and parties at the budget expense
  • August 4 - The CEC must hold a draw to establish broadcast priorities; Deadline for setting of the ballot’s form and text
  • August 14 - The CEC has to prepare information placards of election participants and send them to district election commissions
  • August 22 - Ballots papers to be submitted for printing
  • August 24 - Close of Registration by Foreign Observers
  • August 25 - Close of Party List nominations; State television and radio broadcasters should submit a schedule of parties and bloc’s commercial
  • August 28 - CEC verification of nominations finalized
  • August 30 - Party and Block registration documentation deadline; Close of registration for civil organizations to petition for participation of official observers
  • September 2 - Official publication of Election List
  • September 26 - Border Services to submit list of Ukrainian Citizens who have left the country and have not returned
  • September 30 - Parliamentary Elections
  • October 15 - Preliminary announcement of election results
  • October 20 - Official final announcement of election results

Registered parties and blocs

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Number in parentheses is the number of candidates included on the party list. Parties or blocs that obtained 3% or more of the vote are in bold.

  • Communist Party of Ukraine (444)
  • Party of Regions (450)
  • Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine (403)
  • Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc (401)
  • All-Ukrainian Union "Freedom" (351)
  • Lytvyn's Bloc (260)
  • Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc (447)
  • Socialist Party of Ukraine (282)
  • All-Ukrainian Party of People's Trust (86)
  • Party of National Economic Development of Ukraine (136)
  • Bloc "All-Ukrainian Community" (103)
  • Electoral bloc of Liudmyla Suprun – Ukrainian Regional Asset (387)
  • Party of Free Democrats (85)
  • Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed) (41)
  • Peasant's Bloc "Agricultural Ukraine" (136)
  • Party of Greens of Ukraine (147)
  • Ukrainian People's Bloc (213)
  • Electoral bloc of political parties "KUCHMA" (168)
  • Bloc of Party of Pensioners of Ukraine (92)
  • Christian's Bloc (225)

Conduct

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3354 international observers were officially registered to monitor the conduct of the election.[18]

Representatives of the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and Fair Election organization registered officials with the Central Elections Committee. The OSCE closely worked with Ukrainian officials in the design, administration, and conduct of the election.

Observers declared that elections generally met international standards for democratic elections. However they noted:[19][20][21]

  • delays in the formation of district and precinct election commissions
  • the inadequate quality of voter lists
  • possible disenfranchisement of voters due to law amendments on:
    • abolishment of absentee ballots
    • removing from lists voters who have crossed the state border after 1 August 2007.
    • modalities for voting at home
  • extensive campaigning by state and local officials from all sides in violation of law.

Exit polls

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Voting process overview.
 
Voting ballot.
 
Election process.
 
Vote counting.
Party National Exit Poll [1] [2] Sotsiovymir [3] Ukrainian Exit Poll [4] Public Strategies [5]
Party of Regions 35.3 33.9 34.9 34.5
Yulia Tymoshenko Electoral Bloc 31.5 32.5 32.4 30.4
Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc 13.5 14.7 14.1 14.4
Communist Party of Ukraine 5.1 4.4 4.5 5.2
Lytvyn's Bloc 3.8 4.0 3.8 4.0
Socialist Party of Ukraine 2.5 2.4 2.1 -
Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine 1.5 - - -
Other parties and blocs 3.9 - - -
Against all 2.9 2.8 4.3 -

Results

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The first polling places to open were at the Ukrainian embassies in Australia and Japan. Election districts were open from 7:00AM until 10:00PM local time. According to the Central Election Commission of Ukraine 63.22% of registered voters cast ballots.[22] This easily exceeded the 50% participation required by Ukrainian law to make the election valid.

Five parties received the required election threshold of 3% of the total vote and entered the Verkhovna Rada: Party of Regions (PoR), Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc (BYuT), Our Ukraine-Peoples Self Defence (OU-PSD), the Communist Party of Ukraine (CPU) and the Bloc Lytvyn (BL). The Socialist Party of Ukraine (SPU) secured only 2.86% of the vote and as such did not win any seats in the new parliament. Had the Socialist Party received an additional 0.14% of the vote the overall results would have been more or less the same as the previous Ukrainian parliamentary election in 2006 with the addition of Bloc Lytvyn representatives.

PartyVotes%Seats /–
Party of Regions8,013,89534.94175–11
Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc7,162,19331.23156 27
Our Ukraine — People's Self-Defense3,301,28214.3972–9
Communist Party of Ukraine1,257,2915.4827 6
Lytvyn Bloc924,5384.0320 20
Socialist Party of Ukraine668,2342.910–33
Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine309,0081.3500
Svoboda178,6600.7800
Party of Greens of Ukraine94,5050.4100
Ukrainian Regional Asset (Hurray!)80,9440.3500
Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed)68,6020.3000
Party of Free Democrats50,8520.220New
Bloc of the Party of Pensioners of Ukraine34,8450.1500
Party of National Economic Development of Ukraine33,4890.1500
Ukrainian People's Bloc28,4140.120New
Peasants' Bloc "Agrarian Ukraine"25,6750.110New
Christian Bloc24,5970.1100
KUCHMA Bloc23,6760.100New
All-Ukrainian Community12,3270.050New
Party of People's Trust5,3420.0200
Against all637,1852.78––
Total22,935,554100.004500
Valid votes22,935,55498.37
Invalid/blank votes379,6581.63
Total votes23,315,212100.00
Registered voters/turnout37,588,04062.03
Source: Central Electoral Commission

Support of leading parties and blocs by administrative regions

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Party of Regions results (34.37%)
 
Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc results (30.71%)
 
Our Ukraine People's Self-Defence results (14.15%)
 
Communist Party of Ukraine results (5.39%)
 
Bloc Lytvyn Party results (3.96%)
 
Socialist Party of Ukraine results (2.86%)
Region Voter registration Voter turnout PoR BYuT OU-PSD CPU BL SPU
Autonomous Republic of Crimea 1,568,070 55.8 61.0 6.9 8.2 7.6 3.9 1.9
Cherkasy Oblast 1,095,058 60.1 15.5 47.0 15.3 4.9 4.9 4.3
Chernihiv Oblast 939,072 61.8 20.7 41.9 14.9 6.7 4.2 2.9
Chernivtsi Oblast 705,272 58.2 16.8 46.2 20.3 2.3 2.5 3.8
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast 2,810,168 58.9 48.7 20.8 6.2 7.6 5.0 1.3
Donetsk Oblast 3,620,888 66.0 76.0 4.5 2.0 6.8 1.0 1.3
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast 1,080,296 72.6 3.0 50.7 36.8 0.8 1.0 0.8
Kharkiv Oblast 2,282,993 58.3 49.6 16.4 8.1 8.3 4.6 2.6
Kherson Oblast 893,442 55.5 43.2 23.1 9.1 9.1 3.7 2.5
Khmelnytskyi Oblast 1,083,968 66.3 14.1 48.2 18.4 4.0 6.6 1.7
Kirovohrad Oblast 614,832 57.9 27.0 37.6 11.7 6.4 5.5 2.8
Kyiv 2,151,576 63.5 15.0 46.2 15.8 4.6 6.6 1.6
Kyiv Oblast 1,679,197 61.9 13.0 53.4 15.1 3.0 5.1 2.2
Luhansk Oblast 1,898,637 66.3 73.5 5.1 1.7 8.5 2.4 1.3
Lviv Oblast 2,002,372 73.9 4.2 50.4 36.0 1.0 1.1 0.6
Mykolaiv Oblast 971,038 57.6 54.4 16.6 5.8 7.2 4.5 1.9
Odesa Oblast 1,851,868 54.5 52.2 13.7 6.5 6.2 5.1 7.2
Poltava Oblast 1250,952 61.9 24.8 37.9 14.5 6.5 4.9 3.0
Rivne Oblast 865,092 68.7 10.4 51.0 20.8 2.4 6.1 2.1
Sevastopol 308,928 59.7 64.5 5.0 2.3 10.3 2.5 2.7
Sumy Oblast 990,575 62.0 15.7 44.5 20.8 5.8 3.3 2.0
Ternopil Oblast 870,214 76.5 3.0 51.6 35.2 0.7 1.6 1.1
Vinnytsia Oblast 1,342,608 64.5 12.6 50.0 18.6 5.0 3.1 2.5
Volyn Oblast 801,557 71.0 6.7 57.6 20.0 2.7 4.6 1.9
Zakarpattia Oblast 946,525 52.1 19.8 28.9 31.1 1.8 6.0 3.5
Zhytomyr Oblast 1,044,852 62.5 22.4 37.0 15.1 5.8 8.3 2.5
Zaporizhzhia Oblast 1,515,832 61.4 55.5 14.7 4.7 8.3 5.5 2.3
Foreign Embassies 431,142 6.0 26.5 33.1 25.5 1.6 2.3 1.2
Ukraine 37,185,882 62.0 34.4 30.7 14.2 5.4 4.0 2.9

Maps

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Maps showing the top six parties support - percentage of total national vote
 
Party of Regions results (34.37%)
 
Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc results (30.71%
 
Our Ukraine People's Self-Defence results (14.15%)
 
Communist Party of Ukraine results (5.39%)
 
Bloc Lytvyn Party results (3.96%)
 
Socialist Party of Ukraine results (2.86%)

Comparison with previous elections

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In 2006, minor parties that received less than the 3% statutory representation threshold, accounted for 17% of all registered votes. In 2007, this number had fallen to 5.5%. This 11.5% difference shows a voter consolidation towards major political parties.

The most prominent winners of the 2007 election were the Tymoshenko- and the Lytvyn Bloc, who gained 27 and 20 parliamentary seats respectively, while the Socialist Party lost all of its 33 seats. The Our Ukraine bloc merged with the newly formed People's Self-Defence. Despite a marginal 0.15% gain of votes, they lost 9 of their 81 previously held seats.

Voter turnout fell 5.5%, from 67.5% in 2006 to 62% in 2007.

Charts

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Results of the parliamentary elections:
 
Political alignment 2007
 
Vote percentage 2006 to 2007 (Top Six parties)
  

Charts 2006

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Results of the parliamentary elections:
 
Political alignment 2006
 
Vote percentage 2006(Top seven parties)
Regional results (in %) of the six parliamentary political parties or blocs in the 2006 and 2007 Ukrainian parliamentary elections
Region PR BYuT OU / UO-PSD SPU CPU
2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007
Ukraine 32.1 34.4 22.3 30.7 14.0 14.2 5.7 2.9 3.7 5.4
Autonomous Republic Crimea 58.0 61.0 6.5 6.9 7.6 8.2 1.2 1.9 4.5 7.6
Vinnytsia Oblast 8.2 12.6 33.3 50.0 20.0 18.6 14.7 2.5 3.4 5.0
Volyn Oblast 4.5 6.7 43.9 57.6 20.7 20.0 4.1 1.9 2.2 2.7
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast 45.0 48.2 15.0 20.9 5.3 6.3 3.8 1.4 5.7 7.6
Donetsk Oblast 73.6 72.1 2.5 3.9 1.4 1.6 3.7 8.0 3.1 6.0
Zhytomyr Oblast 18.0 22.4 24.9 37.0 17.5 15.1 8.9 2.5 5.4 5.8
Zakarpattia Oblast 18.7 19.8 20.3 28.9 25.8 31.1 3.6 3.5 1.3 1.8
Zaporizhzhia Oblast 51.2 55.5 10.9 14.7 5.3 4.7 2.9 2.3 5.3 8.3
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast 1.9 3.0 30.4 50.7 45.1 36.8 2.3 0.8 0.6 0.8
Kyiv Oblast 9.9 13.0 44.5 53.4 11.6 15.1 10.2 2.1 2.3 2.9
Kirovohrad Oblast 20.1 27.0 30.1 37.6 8.7 11.7 9.7 2.8 6.1 6.4
Luhansk Oblast 74.3 73.5 3.7 5.0 2.0 1.7 1.2 1.2 4.4 8.4
Lviv Oblast 3.0 4.2 33.0 50.4 38.0 36.0 2.2 0.6 0.7 1.0
Mykolaiv Oblast 50.3 54.4 11.9 16.6 5.6 5.8 4.3 1.9 5.3 7.2
Odesa Oblast 47.5 52.2 9.9 13.7 6.4 6.5 6.3 7.2 3.2 6.2
Poltava Oblast 20.4 24.8 26.8 37.9 13.2 14.5 12.7 3.8 5.4 6.5
Rivne Oblast 7.2 10.4 31.3 51.0 25.5 20.8 6.5 2.1 1.9 2.4
Sumy Oblast 10.9 15.7 33.3 44.5 19.4 20.7 10.6 2.0 5.4 5.8
Ternopil Oblast 2.0 3.0 34.5 51.6 34.2 35.2 3.7 1.1 0.4 0.7
Kharkiv Oblast 51.7 49.6 12.7 16.4 5.9 8.1 2.8 2.6 4.6 8.3
Kherson Oblast 39.1 43.2 17.4 23.0 9.8 9.0 4.8 2.5 6.8 9.1
Khmelnytskyi Oblast 10.0 14.1 35.6 48.2 18.3 18.4 9.2 1.7 3.1 4.0
Cherkasy Oblast 10.7 15.5 38.3 47.0 12.2 15.3 13.4 4.3 4.4 4.9
Chernihiv Oblast 15.6 20.7 33.9 41.9 10.3 14.9 12.9 2.9 5.5 6.7
Chernivtsi Oblast 12.7 16.8 30.3 46.2 27.0 20.3 4.5 3.8 1.7 2.3
Kyiv 11.8 15.0 39.2 46.2 15.8 15.8 5.5 1.6 3.0 4.6
Sevastopol 64.3 64.5 4.5 5.0 2.4 2.3 0.8 2.7 4.8 10.3
Source: Central Election Commission of Ukraine (Ukrainian)
Major Urban centre results (in %) of the six parliamentary political parties or blocs in the 2006 and 2007 Ukrainian parliamentary elections
Major cities PR BYuT OU / UO-PSD SPU CPU
2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007
Ukraine 32.1 34.4 22.3 30.7 14.0 14.2 5.7 2.9 3.7 5.4
Vinnytsia 10.2 13.5 40.5 54.2 17.2 14.3 8.3 2.0 3.2 4.7
Dnipropetrovsk 41.1 43.7 16.3 22.8 6.2 6.8 3.4 1.6 4.2 7.2
Donetsk 72.6 76.0 2.7 4.5 1.8 2.0 1.0 1.3 2.9 6.8
Zhytomyr 21.2 24.5 31.2 40.0 12.9 11.5 6.1 2.1 5.1 5.8
Zaporizhzhia 44.2 50.6 14.6 19.1 6.6 5.5 2.5 1.4 5.0 8.6
Kirovohrad 18.9 26.8 39.6 42.2 7.5 8.9 5.2 2.2 5.0 5.8
Kryvyi Rih 47.3 48.8 14.2 19.9 5.8 5.8 2.9 0.9 8.3 9.2
Luhansk 70.5 67.8 5.5 7.1 2.0 2.0 0.9 1.1 3.4 8.7
L'viv 6.5 8.4 27.7 43.6 34.4 34.1 3.0 0.9 1.5 2.4
Makiivka 80.6 82.6 1.6 3.1 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.6 1.8 4.8
Mariupol 56.4 42.6 1.9 3.1 1.7 1.6 18.4 42.4 3.5 4.1
Mykolaiv 55.1 59.4 10.2 13.8 4.5 4.4 1.6 1.2 3.5 6.8
Odesa 44.2 52.7 13.0 15.5 6.9 6.3 4.8 3.4 2.5 7.2
Poltava 25.6 26.8 33.1 41.1 11.4 10.5 4.9 1.9 4.4 6.3
Rivne 10.1 12.5 32.2 48.2 19.8 20.6 8.0 1.9 2.7 3.4
Simferopol 56.0 59.0 6.5 6.9 5.2 5.8 0.9 1.1 5.2 9.2
Sumy 6.9 10.8 46.7 55.8 20.9 18.1 4.1 1.2 3.4 3.7
Kharkiv 49.5 45.7 14.7 18.9 6.9 8.1 1.7 2.4 3.8 8.6
Chernihiv 23.5 28.5 31.9 36.1 7.5 10.1 8.0 2.8 7.5 7.0
Chernivtsi 15.6 19.8 34.9 45.8 18.7 16.8 3.7 1.6 2.3 3.6
Source: Central Election Commission of Ukraine (Ukrainian)

Government formation

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Parliament 2007

Following the announcement of preliminary election results, the parties expressed their position on forming the coalition. The Party of Regions announced itself a winner of the election and stated that it started negotiations on forming a ruling coalition. The party did not express the desire to be in opposition. Tymoshenko's Bloc advocated a coalition with Our Ukraine and possibly Lytvyn's Bloc. Yulia Tymoshenko was strongly against any coalition with the Party of Regions or the Communists. She stated that her Bloc would be in opposition should such a coalition be formed. President Yushchenko has expressed the need for a better relationship between coalition and opposition. This should be achieved by providing the opposition with posts in the parliament and the government. Lytvyn's Bloc received proposals from all top parties on forming a coalition. Leaders of the Bloc stated that their decision will be made at the party's assembly. Oleksandr Moroz, the leader of the Socialist Party of Ukraine, acknowledged his defeat on 4 October 2007 and supported Tymoshenko's bid for premiership.[23]

Yulia Tymoshenko, following the formation of a coalition between the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc and Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc was subsequently elected prime-minister on 18 December 2007.[6] Her candidacy was supported by the vote of 226 deputies.[24]

The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is competent on the condition that no less than two-thirds of its constitutional composition has been elected. This means that if any one of the two largest parties resign en masse, the parliament would lose its authority and fresh elections would be required.

Parliamentary factions after the elections

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After the election various factions were formed in parliament. It was possible for 15 or more deputies to form a parliamentary faction (a lawmaker could join only one faction; the chairman and his two assistants could not head factions of deputies).[25][26][27][28][29] hence not all parties represented in the Verkhovna Rada had their own faction.[30] Factions are colored raspberry.[30]

Factions created during the convocation

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Leaders of factions/groups

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Extra-parliamentary parties representation within the Verkhovna Rada

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Parliamentary parties that dissolved or merged during the convocation

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Faction changes after the 2007 elections

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Numerous MPs were removed from their original faction after the 2007 election;[30][48] several left their (original) faction to join another faction in October 2010.[49] From 2006 till October 2010 this was not allowed because of the (so-called) "imperative mandate".[25]

In November 2010 the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc faction was officially renamed “Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko-Batkivschyna”.[31] and the Bloc of Lytvyn faction was renamed People's Party faction.[38] On February 16, 2011 a new parliamentary faction "Reforms for the Future" was created.[50][51] The parliament elected in the following election on 28 October 2012 was appointed and started its tasks six weeks after the elections on 12 December 2012.[52][53] The parliament elected in 2007 convened on 6 December 2012 for the last time.[52]

Fraction changes after the Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2007
Parties and alliances Seats on September 30, 2007[54] Seats on December 31, 2010[30] Seats on December 31, 2011[30] Seats in March 2012[30] Seats in September 2012[30] Seats in November 2012[30][55] Total loss/gain     
Party of Regions 175 180 192 192 195 195   20 seats
Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc 156 113 102 100 98 97   59 seats
Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc 72 71 65 65 63 63   9 seats
Communist Party of Ukraine 27 25 25 25 25 25   2 seats
Lytvyn Bloc 20 20 20 20 20 20
Reforms for the Future Did not exist[50] Did not exist[50] 20 19 19 19   19 seats
Parliamentarians not members of faction 0 41 26 29 30 31   31 seats

See also

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References

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  1. ^ https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/669861 Именное оружие
  2. ^ "Ukraine leaders agree on poll date". Secretariat of President of Ukraine. 2007-05-27. Archived from the original on 2007-09-06.
  3. ^ "Ukraine leaders sign joint statement". 2007-05-27. Archived from the original on 2013-02-19.
  4. ^ Against All Odds: Aiding Political Parties in Georgia and Ukraine (UvA Proefschriften) by Max Bader, Vossiuspers UvA, 2010, ISBN 90-5629-631-0 (page 93)
  5. ^ Laws of Ukraine. Law No. 1665-IV: On elections of People's deputies of Ukraine. Adopted on 2004-03-25. (Ukrainian). Article 96.
  6. ^ a b "Orange bloc edges to poll victory". BBC News. 2007-10-03. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  7. ^ "President dissolves parliament". Press office of President Victor Yushchenko. 2007-04-02. Archived from the original on 2007-09-01.
  8. ^ "Tragedy and farce". The Economist. 2007-04-04.
  9. ^ PACE (2007-04-19). "Functioning of democratic institutions in Ukraine". PACE. Archived from the original on 2007-11-16.
  10. ^ "Constitutional Court Judge Havrysh Doubts Constitutional Court Will Consider Petition On Constitutionality Of September 30 Rada Elections". Ukrainian News agency. 2007-07-24. Archived from the original on 2013-01-05.
  11. ^ "Lavrynovych: Early elections should have been already recognized invalid today". Inter-Media, ForUm. 2007-08-03. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29.
  12. ^ "Stanik Back Into the CC". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2006-07-20.
  13. ^ "Yushchenko dismissed CCU judges". for-ua. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved 2006-05-17.
  14. ^ "Stanik and Pshenychnyy returned to CC". Korrespondent. 2007-05-17.
  15. ^ "Supreme Court Restores Stanik As Constitutional Court Judge". Ukrainian News agency. 2008-03-27. Archived from the original on 2008-05-09.
  16. ^ "Ukraine leaders sign joint statement". ForUm. 2007-05-29. Archived from the original on 2013-02-19.
  17. ^ "International observers". Central Election Commission of Ukraine. 2007-10-17. Archived from the original on 2007-10-03.
  18. ^ "Ukraine's Pre-Term Parliamentary Elections and Demonstrable Commitment to Democratic Standards focus of Commission Initiatives". Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. 2007-12-06. Archived from the original on 2011-05-24. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  19. ^ "OSCE/ODIHR Election Observation Mission Report" (PDF). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 2007-12-20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-16. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  20. ^ "Final report on 2007 parliamentary elections in Ukraine" (PDF). European Network of Election Monitoring Organizations.
  21. ^ "First CEC result" (in Ukrainian). Pravda. 2007-10-01. Archived from the original on 2007-12-05. Retrieved 2007-10-01.
  22. ^ Bondaruk, Halyna (2007-10-04). "Moroz Recognizes Defeat and Stands for Tymoshenko's Premiership". Ukrainska Pravda. Archived from the original on 2007-10-12.
  23. ^ "Parliament named Tymoshenko as the Prime Minister of Ukraine". Korrespondent (in Russian). December 18, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
  24. ^ a b Rada Approves Cancellation Of Rule That Bans Deputies From Switching Factions Archived 2010-10-09 at the Wayback Machine, FINANCIAL (October 8, 2010)
  25. ^ Update: Return to 1996 Constitution strengthens president, raises legal questions, Kyiv Post (October 1, 2010)
  26. ^ Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe: The functioning of democratic institutions in Ukraine, Kyiv Post (October 5, 2010)
  27. ^ Laws of Ukraine. Verkhovna Rada decree No. 2222-IV: About the amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine. Adopted on December 8, 2004. (Ukrainian)
  28. ^ Rada amends regulations of its activities, Kyiv Post (October 8, 2010)
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Депутатські фракції" [Deputy factions]. Official website of the Verkhovna Rada (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2010-10-15.
  30. ^ a b (in Ukrainian) Фракція БЮТ змінила свою назву Archived 2013-12-14 at the Wayback Machine, STB (November 16, 2010)
  31. ^ "Informational site "RAZOM"". People's Union "Our Ukraine". Archived from the original on 2007-04-30. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
  32. ^ "Party "Forward, Ukraine!"". Forward, Ukraine!. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
  33. ^ "Homepage". People's Movement of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 2007-10-04. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
  34. ^ "Ukrainian People's Party". Archived from the original on 2007-10-02. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
  35. ^ "Ukrainian Republican Party Assembly". Archived from the original on 2007-10-01. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
  36. ^ ПОРА – громадянська партія ПОРА. "Official website Civic party "PORA"". Pora.org.ua. Archived from the original on November 10, 2008. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  37. ^ a b Bloc of Lytvyn faction renamed, Kyiv Post (November 19, 2010)
  38. ^ BYT-Batkivschyna replaces its leader, Kyiv Post (7 December 2011)
  39. ^ Tymoshenko aware of change in leadership of BYT-Batkivschyna faction, Kyiv Post (7 December 2011)
  40. ^ Hrach claims he has evidence of corruption in Communist Party leadership Archived 2016-01-20 at the Wayback Machine, Kyiv Post (April 20, 2012)
  41. ^ (in Ukrainian) Радикальна партія Олега Ляшка, RBK Ukraine
  42. ^ (in Ukrainian) Олег Ляшко офіційно перейменував свою партію, 24 News (14 December 2011)
  43. ^ Yulia Tymoshenko bloc expels two deputies from parliament faction, Kyiv Post (19 October 2010)
    (in Russian) Ляшко Олег Валерьевич, Информационно-аналитический центр "ЛІГА"
  44. ^ Korolevska everywhere, but is she going anywhere?, Kyiv Post (March 30, 2012)
  45. ^ (in Ukrainian) Тігіпко створив свій виборчий блок, Gazeta.ua (February 22, 2010)
  46. ^ Tigipko hooks up with Party of Regions, Kyiv Post (March 20, 2012)
    Strong Ukraine party decides on disbanding to join Regions Party, Kyiv Post (March 17, 2012)
  47. ^ BYuT-Batkivschyna parliament faction expels 28 members, Kyiv Post (September 21, 2010)
  48. ^ Seven individual MPs join Regions Party faction, Our Ukraine MP joins Lytvyn Bloc
  49. ^ a b c Individual deputies create Reforms for the Sake of Future group in parliament, Kyiv Post (February 16, 2011)
  50. ^ Група "Реформи заради майбутнього" у Верховній Раді України[permanent dead link‍]
  51. ^ a b Parliament of sixth convocation ends its work, Kyiv Post (6 December 2012)
  52. ^ You Scratch My Back, and I’ll Scratch Yours, The Ukrainian Week (26 September 2012)
  53. ^ "Central Election Commission of Ukraine". Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
  54. ^ (in Ukrainian) Пам'ятні моменти Верховної Ради VI скликання Memorable moments of the Verkhovna Rada of VI convocation, RBC Ukraine (28 October 2012)
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