Wikipedia

1ES 1741 196

1ES 1741 196 is a BL Lacertae object (BL Lac) located in the constellation of Hercules. It is located 1.2 billion light years from Earth.[1] It was first discovered in 1996 via an Einstein Observatory X-ray satellite.[2][3] Because the galaxy's synchrotron peak is found above 1 keV, it is categorized as a high-frequency peaked object.[4]

1ES 1741 196
The BL Lac object 1ES 1741 196.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationHercules
Right ascension17h 43m 57.83s
Declination 19° 35′ 09.01″
Redshift0.084000
Heliocentric radial velocity25,183 km/s
Distance1.217 Gly (373.13 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)16.8
Characteristics
TypeBL Lac
Size103.65 kiloparsecs (338,100 light-years)
(diameter; 2MASS K-band total isophote)[1]
Notable featuresLow luminosity blazar
Other designations
LEDA 1597986, 87GB 174148.7 193615, TXS 1741 196, RX J1743.8 1935, IRCF J174357.8 193509, S3 1741 19, TeV J1743 196

Characteristics

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The nucleus of 1ES 1741 196 is active. It has been classified as an extreme blazar due to having a flat high energy gamma ray spectrum[5] or alternatively, a high-energy BL Lac.[6] One accepted theory for this energy source in most active galactic nuclei is a presence of an accretion disk around its supermassive black hole. The mass of the black hole in the center of the galaxy is estimated to be 8.93 ± 0.70 Mʘ based on a fundamental plane measurement.[7]

Apart from that, 1ES 1741 196 has an isotopic luminosity of ~ 8.2 x 1043 erg s-1, making it less luminous amongst other TeV blazars.[8] When observed in very high energy (VHE) band, 1ES 1741 196 shows no evidence of strong flares.[4] Its X-ray spectrum is known to be variable compared to its steady gamma ray spectrum, with it rising up by a factor of 3 in terms of variability.[5]

The host galaxy of 1ES 1741 196 is an elliptical galaxy, one of the largest and brightest BL Lac host galaxies observed. It has a redshift magnitude relation of -24.85 and a galaxy effective radius of 51.2 kiloparsecs, which its overall luminosity distribution is obtained via a de Vaucouleurs profile. Additionally, there are two galaxy companions within the galaxy's position.[9] They have same redshifts,[10] with projected distances of 7.2 and 25.2 kiloparsecs.[9] Given 1ES 1741 196 has a flat luminosity profile, its position along an impact parameter towards the neighbors and a high ellipticity, this suggests tidal forces. Further evidence also shows a presence of a tidal tail between the companions, indicating the three galaxies are interacting.[9]

1ES 1741 196 has an extended radio jet towards the east direction with a projected position angle of °80.[11][12] The jet is known to be straight despite showing signs of a 5° bend towards south by 15-20 parsecs from its core.[13] Furthermore, the jet is known to be aligned well with a parsec-scale jet.[12]

References

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  1. ^ a b "By Name NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
  2. ^ "Astronomers measure and model a blazing gamma-ray source – Astronomy Now". Retrieved 2024-10-18.
  3. ^ Perlman, Eric S.; Stocke, John T.; Schachter, Jonathan F.; Elvis, Martin; Ellingson, Erica; Urry, C. Megan; Potter, Michael; Impey, Chris D.; Kolchinsky, Peter (June 1996). "The Einstein Slew Survey Sample of BL Lacertae Objects". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 104: 251. Bibcode:1996ApJS..104..251P. doi:10.1086/192300. ISSN 0067-0049.
  4. ^ a b Abeysekara, A.U.; Archambault, S.; Archer, A.; Benbow, W.; Bird, R.; Biteau, J. (May 2016). "VERITAS and multiwavelength observations of the BL Lacertae object 1ES 1741 196". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 459 (3): 2550–2557. arXiv:1603.07286. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw664.2550-2557&rft.date=2016-05&rft_id=info:arxiv/1603.07286&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093/mnras/stw664&rft.aulast=Abeysekara&rft.aufirst=A.U.&rft.au=Archambault, S.&rft.au=Archer, A.&rft.au=Benbow, W.&rft.au=Bird, R.&rft.au=Biteau, J.&rft_id=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/459/3/2550/2595121?login=false&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1ES 1741+196" class="Z3988">
  5. ^ a b Goswami, P.; Zacharias, M.; Zech, A.; Chandra, S.; Boettcher, M.; Sushch, I. (February 2024). "The variety of extreme blazars in the AstroSat view" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 682: A134. arXiv:2311.12695. Bibcode:2024A&A...682A.134G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348121. ISSN 0004-6361.
  6. ^ Lister, Matthew. "MOJAVE Sample: 1741 196". www.cv.nrao.edu. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
  7. ^ Vovk, Ie.; Neronov, A. (April 2013). "Variability of Gamma-Ray Emission from Blazars on Black Hole Timescales". The Astrophysical Journal. 767 (103): 103. arXiv:1304.0915. Bibcode:2013ApJ...767..103V. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/767/2/103.
  8. ^ Ahnen, M.L.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L.A.; Antoranz, P.; Arcaro, C.; Babic, A.; Banerjee, B. (June 2017). "MAGIC detection of very high energy γ-ray emission from the low-luminosity blazar 1ES 1741 196". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 468 (2): 1534–1541. arXiv:1702.06795. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx472.1534-1541&rft.date=2017-06&rft_id=info:arxiv/1702.06795&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093/mnras/stx472&rft.aulast=Ahnen&rft.aufirst=M.L.&rft.au=Ansoldi, S.&rft.au=Antonelli, L.A.&rft.au=Antoranz, P.&rft.au=Arcaro, C.&rft.au=Babic, A.&rft.au=Banerjee, B.&rft_id=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/468/2/1534/3051675?login=false&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1ES 1741+196" class="Z3988">
  9. ^ a b c Heidt, J.; Nilsson, K.; Fried, J. W.; Takalo, L. O.; Sillanpää, A. (1999-08-01). "1ES 1741 196: a BL Lacertae object in a triplet of interacting galaxies?". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 348: 113–116. arXiv:astro-ph/9906129. Bibcode:1999A&A...348..113H. ISSN 0004-6361.113-116&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft_id=info:arxiv/astro-ph/9906129&rft.issn=0004-6361&rft_id=info:bibcode/1999A&A...348..113H&rft.aulast=Heidt&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Nilsson, K.&rft.au=Fried, J. W.&rft.au=Takalo, L. O.&rft.au=Sillanpää, A.&rft_id=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999A&A...348..113H/abstract&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1ES 1741+196" class="Z3988">
  10. ^ Nilsson, K.; Pursimo, T.; Heidt, J.; Takalo, L. O.; Sillanpää, A.; Brinkmann, W. (2003-02-24). "R-band imaging of the host galaxies of RGB BL Lacertae objects" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 400 (1): 95–118. Bibcode:2003A&A...400...95N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021861. ISSN 0004-6361.95-118&rft.date=2003-02-24&rft.issn=0004-6361&rft_id=info:doi/10.1051/0004-6361:20021861&rft_id=info:bibcode/2003A&A...400...95N&rft.aulast=Nilsson&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Pursimo, T.&rft.au=Heidt, J.&rft.au=Takalo, L. O.&rft.au=Sillanpää, A.&rft.au=Brinkmann, W.&rft_id=https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2003/10/aah3941.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1ES 1741+196" class="Z3988">
  11. ^ Wu, Zhongzu; Jiang, D. R.; Gu, Minfeng; Liu, Yi (2007-02-20). "VLBI observations of seven BL Lacertae objects from RGB sample" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 466 (1): 63–73. arXiv:0706.0191. Bibcode:2007A&A...466...63W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066754. ISSN 0004-6361.63-73&rft.date=2007-02-20&rft_id=info:arxiv/0706.0191&rft.issn=0004-6361&rft_id=info:doi/10.1051/0004-6361:20066754&rft_id=info:bibcode/2007A&A...466...63W&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Zhongzu&rft.au=Jiang, D. R.&rft.au=Gu, Minfeng&rft.au=Liu, Yi&rft_id=https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2007/16/aa6754-06.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1ES 1741+196" class="Z3988">
  12. ^ a b Rector, T.A.; Gabuzda, D.C.; Peterson, D.C.; Stocke, J.T. (2005). "The Propagation of Jets in High-Energy Peaked BL Lacertae Objects". Future Directions in High Resolution Astronomy: The 10th Anniversary of the VLBA, ASP Conference Proceedings. 340: 116–118. Bibcode:2005ASPC..340..116R.116-118&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info:bibcode/2005ASPC..340..116R&rft.aulast=Rector&rft.aufirst=T.A.&rft.au=Gabuzda, D.C.&rft.au=Peterson, D.C.&rft.au=Stocke, J.T.&rft_id=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/2005ASPC..340..116R/0000117.000.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1ES 1741+196" class="Z3988">
  13. ^ Rector, Travis A.; Gabuzda, Denise C.; Stocke, John T. (March 2003). "The Radio Structure of High-Energy–Peaked BL Lacertae Objects". The Astronomical Journal. 125 (3): 1060–1072. arXiv:astro-ph/0302397. Bibcode:2003AJ....125.1060R. doi:10.1086/367802. ISSN 0004-6256.1060-1072&rft.date=2003-03&rft_id=info:arxiv/astro-ph/0302397&rft.issn=0004-6256&rft_id=info:doi/10.1086/367802&rft_id=info:bibcode/2003AJ....125.1060R&rft.aulast=Rector&rft.aufirst=Travis A.&rft.au=Gabuzda, Denise C.&rft.au=Stocke, John T.&rft_id=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/367802/fulltext/&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1ES 1741+196" class="Z3988">
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