Wikipedia

1994 Maryland gubernatorial election

The 1994 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1994. Incumbent Democratic governor William Donald Schaefer was ineligible for re-election. Prince George's County Executive Parris Glendening emerged victorious from the Democratic primary after defeating several candidates. Maryland House minority leader Ellen Sauerbrey, who would also be the 1998 Republican nominee for governor, won her party's nomination.

1994 Maryland gubernatorial election
← 1990 November 8, 1994 1998 →
Turnout60.67% Increase 5.82%[1]
 
Nominee Parris Glendening Ellen Sauerbrey
Party Democratic Republican
Running mate Kathleen Kennedy Townsend Paul Rappaport
Popular vote 708,094 702,101
Percentage 50.2% 49.8%
County results
Glendening:      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%
Sauerbrey:      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%
Governor before election

William Donald Schaefer
Democratic

Elected Governor

Parris Glendening
Democratic

In the general election, Glendening narrowly defeated Sauerbrey by a margin of 50.2 percent to 49.8 percent, or by 5,993 votes, the closest gubernatorial election in Maryland since 1919[2] and the first gubernatorial election in Maryland history to be decided by an absentee runoff.[3] Sauerbrey's campaign challenged the results of the election, filing a lawsuit alleging voter fraud and election irregularities; her claims were rejected by Anne Arundel Circuit Court Judge Raymond G. Thieme Jr. in January 1995.[4]

This election marked the first time since 1915 that a Democrat won Maryland without Baltimore County, the first time since 1930 that a Democrat won Maryland without Cecil County, and the first time since 1919 that a Democrat won without St. Mary's County.[5][6] This is the last time Howard County voted for the statewide loser.

Democratic primary

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Campaign

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Baltimore mayor Kurt Schmoke, who was seen as the likely Democratic frontrunner in the race,[7][8] announced in September 1993 that he would not run for governor, instead opting for a third term as mayor in 1995.[9]

Prince George's County Executive Parris Glendening, Lieutenant Governor Melvin Steinberg, and state senator Mary Boergers were among the first candidates to enter the race for governor. Governor William Donald Schaefer, unimpressed with the early candidates, who were distancing themselves from Schaefer, encouraged state senator American Joe Miedusiewski and U.S. representatives Steny Hoyer and Ben Cardin to enter the race.[10][11] Although Miedusiewski entered the race a few weeks later,[12] Schaefer declined to endorse him, saying that he didn't do endorsements, but urged voters to support him.[13]

Steinberg was initially viewed as the frontrunner of the Democratic primary, but his campaign suffered from poor fundraising and gaffes that contributed to his dwindling lead in polling.[14] Glendening receiving the endorsements of both Schmoke[15] and Montgomery County Executive Neal Potter[16] established him as the new frontrunner in the race[17] and gave him an overwhelming lead in the Washington, D.C. suburbs and Baltimore City, which led to his resounding victory in the Democratic primary in September 1994.[18]

Candidates

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Nominee

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Eliminated in primary

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Withdrawn

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Declined

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Endorsements

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Mary Boergers

Organizations

Parris Glendening

U.S. representatives

Statewide elected officials

State senators

State delegates

Local officials

Individuals

Organizations

Labor unions

Newspapers

American Joe Miedusiewski

State senators

Labor unions

Melvin Steinberg

State delegates

Labor unions

Declined to endorse

Statewide officials

Polling

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Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[a] 		Margin
of error 		Mary
Boergers 		Parris
Glendening 		American Joe
Miedusiewski 		Melvin
Steinberg 		Other Undecided
Mason-Dixon Research[45] September 7–8, 1994 581 (LV) ± 4.1% 10% 45% 13% 20% 2% 10%
Mason-Dixon Research[46] August 26–28, 1994 421 (LV) ± 4.8% 8% 43% 10% 16% 2% 21%
Mason-Dixon Research[46] July 15–17, 1994 839 (RV) ± 3.5% 12% 38% 16% 11% – 23%
Mason-Dixon Research[47] June 16–18, 1994 818 (RV) ± 5.0% 10% 31% 7% 21% – 31%
Maryland Businesses
for Responsible Government[48] 		April 21–27, 1994 814 (LV) – 7% 16% 5.4% 15.4% – –
Mason-Dixon Research[49] January 31 – February 2, 1994 491 (RV) ± 3.5% 8% 18% 4% 28% – –
9% 19% 4% 28% 5%[b] –
Cooper & Secrest Associates[50][A] December 13–19, 1993 814 (LV) – 7% 16% 6% 26% – 45%
Hypothetical polling
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[a] 		Margin
of error 		Mary
Boergers 		J. Joseph
Curran Jr. 		Parris
Glendening 		R. Clayton
Mitchell Jr. 		Kurt
Schmoke 		Melvin
Steinberg 		Undecided
Mason-Dixon Research[51] July 29–31, 1993 502 (RV) ± 3.5% 11% 11% 12% – 33% 13% 27%
Mason-Dixon Research[52] February 26–28, 1993 811 (LV) ± 3.5% – 15% 10% 5% 31% 13% 27%
– 21% 15% – – 19% 45%

Results

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Results by county
  Glendening
  •   30–40%
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  •   80–90%
  Miedusiewski
  •   40–50%
Democratic primary results[53]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic
  • Parris Glendening
  • Kathleen Kennedy Townsend
 		293,314 53.59
Democratic
  • American Joe Miedusiewski
  • Bernie Fowler
 100,296 18.32
Democratic
  • Melvin A. Steinberg
  • James C. Simpson
 82,308 15.04
Democratic
  • Mary Boergers
  • Barbara Osborn Kreamer
 46,888 8.57
Democratic
  • Don Allensworth
  • Linda Hartman
 15,680 2.86
Democratic
  • Walter Gilcrist Finch
  • John Siegert
 5,369 0.98
Democratic
  • Lawrence K. Freeman
  • Mark Nafziger
 3,518 0.64
Total votes 547,373 100.00

Republican primary

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Campaign

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Ahead of the election, Republicans expressed optimism in their ability to retake the governor's office,[54] with party nominees receiving about 40 percent of the vote in recent elections[55] and polls showing voters strongly disapproving of Governor William Donald Schaefer as a result of his support for an $800 million tax restructuring package and media coverage of his "style" problems, including his "shithouse" gaffe.[56][57] Potential Republican candidates predicted a crowded Democratic field to succeed Schaefer in 1994 and a resulting fratricide that would make coalescing around a single candidate following the primary elections challenging for the Democratic Party. Republicans also believed that the party was likely to nominate an urban-oriented nominee, which they saw as an ideal general election opponent.[55]

1990 gubernatorial nominee William Shepard became the first candidate to enter the race, followed shortly afterwards by House of Delegates minority leader Ellen Sauerbrey in April 1993.[58] Anne Arundel County Executive Robert R. Neall, who was viewed as the early Republican frontrunner,[59] announced in October 1993 that he would not run for governor, clearing a path for U.S. representative Helen Delich Bentley,[60] who announced her candidacy for governor a month later.[61]

Sauerbrey steadily rose in polling during the Republican primary election, bringing the gap between her and Bentley within 13 points five days before the primary.[14] She also criticized Bentley as a "big-spending liberal", citing her voting record in Congress; Bentley did not respond to Sauerbrey's attacks and chose to keep a low profile at debates, opting to instead focus on the general election. Sauerbrey won the Republican nomination in an upset in September 1994, defeating Bentley by a margin of 52 percent to 38 percent. Sauerbrey's surprise win marked a rightward shift in the Maryland Republican Party's politics and was one of many defeats for the Republican establishment, as voters rejected two of the state's three members on the Republican National Committee and defeated establishment candidate Richard Taylor in the Comptroller primary election.[62]

Candidates

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Nominee

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Eliminated in primary

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Declined

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Endorsements

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Helen Delich Bentley

U.S. senators

U.S. representatives

Statewide elected officials

Organizations

Ellen Sauerbrey

Executive branch officials

Polling

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Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[a] 		Margin
of error 		Helen Delich
Bentley 		Ellen
Sauerbrey 		William
Shephard 		Undecided
Mason-Dixon Research[45] September 7–8, 1994 368 (LV) ± 5.2% 45% 32% 7% 16%
Mason-Dixon Research[46] August 26–28, 1994 228 (LV) ± 6.6% 44% 27% 10% 19%
Mason-Dixon Research[46] July 15–17, 1994 839 (RV) ± 3.5% 48% 14% 11% 27%
Mason-Dixon Research[47] June 16–18, 1994 818 (RV) ± 5.0% 41% 11% 9% 39%
Tarrant Group[68][B] May 10–11, 1994 700 (V) – 43% 9% 7% –
Maryland Businesses
for Responsible Government[48] 		April 21–27, 1994 814 (LV) – 28.5% 10.4% 14.5% –
Mason-Dixon Research[49] January 31 – February 2, 1994 261 (RV) ± 3.5% 46% 7% 9% 38%
Hypothetical polling
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[a] 		Margin
of error 		Helen Delich
Bentley 		Bill
Brock 		Robert
Neall 		Ellen
Sauerbrey 		William
Shephard 		Undecided
Mason-Dixon Research[51] July 29–31, 1993 502 (RV) ± 3.5% 31% – 19% 6% 5% 39%
Mason-Dixon Research[52] February 26–28, 1993 811 (LV) ± 3.5% 34% 4% 10% – 11% 41%
– 5% 17% 13% 13% 52%

Results

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Results by county
  Sauerbrey
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  Bentley
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
Republican primary results[53]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican
  • Ellen Sauerbrey
  • Paul Rappaport
 		123,676 52.18
Republican
  • Helen Delich Bentley
  • Howard A. Denis
 89,821 37.90
Republican
  • William S. Shepard
  • Julia Walsh Gouge
 23,505 9.92
Total votes 237,002 100.00

General election

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Campaign

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In the general election, Glendening sought to position himself as a prudent fiscal manager, citing his record as county executive, and on a platform supporting education, public safety, and environmental protection. Sauerbrey continued to campaign on lowering taxes and deregulation.[69][70]

In the final eight weeks of the election, Glendening spent $2.5 million on campaign ads portraying Sauerbrey as a right-wing extremist who would roll back protections on gun control and abortion rights, and associating her with televangelist Pat Robertson and his Christian Coalition, who distributed campaign literature in churches spotlighting certain political positions of Glendening and Sauerbrey.[71][72] He also criticized her pledge to cut taxes, calling her a "millionairess" and arguing that it would curtail essential state services and force local jurisdictions to compensate by raising property taxes. As a result of the ad blitz, Sauerbrey's approval ratings fell into the 30 percent range within the final days of the election.[69]

Glendening's narrow win in the general election against Sauerbrey led Governor Schaefer to call for a "rebuilding" of the Maryland Democratic Party led by U.S. senator Barbara Mikulski.[73]

Endorsements

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Parris Glendening (D)

Executive branch officials

Statewide officials

State senators

Local officials

Individuals

Organizations

Newspapers

Ellen Sauerbrey (R)

U.S. representatives

Party officials

Organizations

Polling

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Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[a] 		Margin
of error 		Parris
Glendening (D) 		Ellen
Sauerbrey (R) 		Undecided
Mason-Dixon Research[84] November 2–4, 1994 1,100 (LV) ± 3.0% 47% 45% –
Mason-Dixon Research[85] October 13–15, 1994 826 (RV) ± 3.5% 48% 42% 10%
The Washington Post[86] October 8–11, 1994 808 (LV) ± 4.0% 53% 37% 10%
Mason-Dixon Research[87] September 21–23, 1994 829 (RV) ± 3.5% 47% 40% 13%
Hypotenuse Inc.[88] Early September 1994 500 (RV) ± 4.5% 48% 47% –
Hypothetical polling

Parris Glendening vs. Helen Delich Bentley

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[a] 		Margin
of error 		Parris
Glendening 		Helen Delich
Bentley 		Undecided
Mason-Dixon Research[46] August 26–28, 1994 824 (LV) ± 3.5% 43% 37% 20%
Mason-Dixon Research[46] July 15–17, 1994 839 (RV) ± 3.5% 38% 41% 21%
Mason-Dixon Research[47] June 16–18, 1994 818 (RV) ± 5.0% 37% 35% 28%
Tarrant Group[89][B] May 10–11, 1994 700 (V) – 37% 39% 24%

Melvin Steinberg vs. Helen Delich Bentley

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[a] 		Margin
of error 		Melvin
Steinberg 		Helen Delich
Bentley 		Undecided
Tarrant Group[89][B] May 10–11, 1994 700 (V) – 32% 38% 30%
Mason-Dixon Research[49] January 31 – February 2, 1994 261 (RV) ± 3.5% 28% 34% 38%

Results

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Maryland gubernatorial election, 1994[90]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic
708,094 50.21% −9.55%
Republican
702,101 49.78% 9.55%
Write-in 105 0.02% N/A
Majority 5,993 0.42% −19.58%
Turnout 1,410,300 60.67% 5.82%
Democratic hold Swing

Dispute over results

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On November 12, 1994, Sauerbrey's campaign said that it had hired sixteen professional investigators, led by attorney George Beall and party counsel Chris West, to probe complaints of voter fraud and irregularities in the gubernatorial general election.[91][92] The investigation claimed that voting machines in Prince George's and Montgomery counties and the city of Baltimore had been tampered with to record votes from 4,774 incarcerated individuals, 37 dead voters, 71 individuals who provided elections officials with addresses of vacant buildings, 20 unregistered voters, and 84 voters who had voted twice. Sauerbrey filed an unprecedented[93] lawsuit seeking to overturn the general election results, citing the findings of her investigation and earlier claims that about 2,000 absentee ballots were cast without a required affidavit or processed early by election officials.[94][95] Lawyers for the Glendening campaign sought to dismiss Sauerbrey's lawsuit, saying that the alleged voting irregularities were "the result of [at worst] excusable neglect, or do not involve intentionally wrongful acts or acts of fraud by voters, election officials, or others" and that Sauerbrey could not prove that such voters cast ballots for Glendening or voted in the governor's race at all. Maryland attorney general J. Joseph Curran Jr. also sought the dismissal of the lawsuit, saying that the Constitution of Maryland gave the Maryland House of Delegates exclusive jurisdiciton over deciding the outcome of a disputed gubernatorial election.[96]

On January 14, 1995, Anne Arundel Circuit Court Judge Raymond G. Thieme Jr. rejected Sauerbrey's claims, saying that while the Maryland Republican Party's investigation of the election presented "serious problems in Baltimore City", Sauerbrey presented no "clear and convincing" proof of election fraud.[4] Sauerbrey initially planned to appeal Judge Thieme's decision, but withdrew her appeal on January 16, 1995.[97]

In November 2020, in an interview with Maryland Matters after President Donald Trump made false claims about voter fraud in the 2020 presidential election, Sauerbrey expressed no regrets about challenging her 1994 election outcome.[98]

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g Key:
    A – all adults
    RV – registered voters
    LV – likely voters
    V – unclear
  2. ^ Stewart Bainum with 5%

Partisan clients

  1. ^ Poll sponsored by Steinberg's campaign.
  2. ^ a b c Poll sponsored by Bentley's campaign.

References

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  1. ^ "1994 Gubernatorial Election". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections. Retrieved May 1, 2022.
  2. ^ Rasmussen, Frederick N. (November 10, 1994). "Maryland's last cliffhanger was 1919 governor's race". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  3. ^ Frece, John W. (November 9, 1994). "Republicans anticipated absentee role". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  4. ^ a b Montgomery, David (January 14, 1995). "Judge rejects Sauerbrey's bid to overturn vote in Maryland". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  5. ^ "Archives of Maryland, Volume 0126, Page 0249 - Maryland Manual, 1915-16". msa.maryland.gov. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
  6. ^ Maryland Manual. Hall of Records Commission. 1987.
  7. ^ Banisky, Sandy; Bowman, Tom (February 26, 1993). "1994 governor's race heats up: Schmoke says he may enter". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved March 8, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ Fletcher, Michael A. (August 15, 1993). "Schmoke moving fast, if not running". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved March 8, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ a b Fletcher, Michael A. (September 21, 1993). "Schmoke is out of governor's race". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved March 8, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ^ Tapscott, Richard (October 20, 1993). "Gov. Schaefer goes a-courting". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  11. ^ Timberg, Robert (October 20, 1993). "Schaefer encourages 4 to enter governor's race In slap at current candidates, governor turns to 3 Democrats, GOP's Bentley". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  12. ^ a b Tapscott, Richard (November 17, 1993). "An unforgettable name goes on Md. ballot". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Waldron, Thomas W. (August 10, 1994). "Governor embraces Miedusiewski, sort of". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
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  16. ^ a b c d e Babington, Charles (May 9, 1994). "Glendening Wins Second Big Endorsement". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
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  45. ^ a b Mason-Dixon Research
  46. ^ a b c d e f Mason-Dixon Research
  47. ^ a b c Mason-Dixon Research
  48. ^ a b Maryland Businesses
    for Responsible Government
  49. ^ a b c Mason-Dixon Research
  50. ^ Cooper & Secrest Associates
  51. ^ a b Mason-Dixon Research
  52. ^ a b Mason-Dixon Research
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  84. ^ Mason-Dixon Research
  85. ^ Mason-Dixon Research
  86. ^ The Washington Post
  87. ^ Mason-Dixon Research
  88. ^ Hypotenuse Inc.
  89. ^ a b Tarrant Group
  90. ^ "Maryland General Election, 1994 - Governor & Lt. Governor".
  91. ^ Timberg, Robert; Waldron, Thomas W. (November 12, 1994). "Glendening on brink of win Sauerbrey says she may not close gap of 2,543 votes". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  92. ^ "Challenge in governor's race uncharted territory Lawyers research candidate options". The Baltimore Sun. November 12, 1994. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  93. ^ Frece, John W. (December 29, 1994). "Sauerbrey suit over election is put on fast track". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  94. ^ Frece, John W.; Zorzi, William F. Jr. (December 28, 1994). "11,000 votes challenged Republican Ellen Sauerbrey officially files suit contesting November election". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  95. ^ Janofsky, Michael (December 29, 1994). "Loser for Maryland Governor Files Suit to Overturn Election". The New York Times. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  96. ^ Frece, John W. (December 31, 1994). "Glendening seeks dismissal of Sauerbrey suit". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  97. ^ James, Michael (January 16, 1995). "Sauerbrey abandons election appeal". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
  98. ^ Rydell, John (November 7, 2020). "Glendening, Sauerbrey Reflect on the Ballot Impasse - And Their Own". Maryland Matters. Retrieved March 10, 2024.


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