1935 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1935.

Plants

Conifers

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Callitris potlatchensis^[2]	Sp nov		Brown	Late Middle Eocene	Salmon Flora	USA Idaho		A Callitris seed morphospecies
Keteleeria heterophylloides^[2]	Comb nov		(Berry) Brown	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington		A Keteleeria foliage morphospecies Moved from Potamogeton heterophylloides (1929)

Flowering plants

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Alnus corallina^[2]	Syn nov		Lesquereux	Miocene		USA California	Alnus hollandiana (1920) A. microdontoides (1920)	An alder foliage morphospecies
Amelanchier dignatus^[2]	Comb et syn nov		(Knowlton) Brown	Miocene		USA	Amelanchier grayi (1927) A. peritula (1908) A. scudderi (1883) Phyllites couleeanus (1931)	A Saskatoon berry species Moved from Celastrus dignatus (1902)
Arctostaphylos cuneata^[2]	Sp nov		Brown	Eocene Bartonian	Salmon Flora	USA Idaho		An Arctostaphylos foliage morphospecies
Carpolithus pteraformis^[2]	Sp nov		Brown	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Idaho		A fruit species of uncertain affinity.
Ceanothus idahoensis^[2]	Sp nov		Brown	Eocene Bartonian	Salmon Flora	USA Idaho	Populus zaddachi (1920 pro part)	A Ceanothus species
Cedrela pteraformis^[2]	Comb nov		(Berry) Brown	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	Carpolithus pteraformis (1929)	A Cedrela species Moved from Gordonia pteraformis (1929)
Cercidiphyllum crenatum^[2]	Comb et syn nov		(Unger) Brown				G. obovata (1877) G. obovata (1883)	A katsura species Moved from Grewia crenata (1859)
Chamaebatia prefoliolosa^[2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Brown	Eocene Bartonian	Salmon Flora	USA Idaho		A mountain misery foliage morphospecies moved to Salmonensea prefoliolosa in 1988^[3]	Salmonensea prefoliolosa
Dipteronia americana^[2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Brown	Eocene Ypresian	Eocene Okanagan Highlands Klondike Mountain Formation	USA Washington	Comptonia insignis (1929 pro part)	A Dipteronia species Leaves moved to Bohlenia americana (1987)^[4] Fruits moved to Dipteronia brownii in 2001^[5]	Dipteronia brownii
Fraxinus idahoensis^[2]	Sp nov		Brown	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Idaho		An ash seed morphospecies
Malus idahoensis^[2]	Sp nov		Brown	Eocene Bartonian	Salmon Flora	USA Idaho		An apple foliage morphospecies
Mentzelia occidentalis^[2]	Comb nov		(Berry) Brown	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington		A Mentzelia species Moved from Hibiscus? occidentalis (1929)
Potentilla salmonensis^[2]	Sp nov		Brown	Eocene Bartonian	Salmon Flora	USA Idaho		An cinquefoil foliage morphospecies
Rhamnus idahoensis^[2]	Sp nov		Brown	Eocene Bartonian	Salmon Flora	USA Idaho		A buckthorn foliage morphospecies
Symphoricarpos salmonensis^[2]	Sp nov		Brown	Eocene Bartonian	Salmon Flora	USA Idaho		A snowberry foliage morphospecies

Arthropods

Insects

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Eulithomyrmex^[6]	Gen nov	valid	Carpenter	Late Eocene	Florissant Formation	USA ( Colorado)	Agroecomyrmecin ant genus, replacement name for Lithomyrmex Carpenter, 1930	Eulithomyrmex rugosus

Sauropterygians

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Peyerus	Gen et comb nov	jr synonym	Stromer	Cretaceous Valanginian	Sundays River Formation	South Africa	junior synonym of Leptocleidus	Leptocleidus capensis

Vertebrates

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Brachyuraniscus	Junior synonym	Broili & Schroder	Late Permian	Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone	South Africa	A junior synonym of Pristerodon.
Cteniosaurus	Junior synonym	Broom	Late Permian	Hoedemaker member, Middle Teekloof Formation	South Africa	A junior synonym of Tropidostoma.
Emydorhinus	Valid	Broom	Late Permian	Dicynodon assemblage zone	South Africa	A dicynodont
Eumantellia	Junior synonym	Broom	Late Permian	Cistcephalus assemblage zone	South Africa	A junior synonym of Pristerognathus.
Eurychororhinus	Junior synonym	Broili and Schroeder	Late Permian	Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone	South Africa	A junior synonym of Pristerodon.
Hofmeyria	Valid	Broom	Late Permian	Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone	South Africa	A theriodont
Hyenosaurus	Valid
Stahleckeria	Valid				Brazil		Stahleckeria
Synostocephalus	Valid
Titanognathus	Valid
Watsoniella	Valid	Broili and Schroeder	Early to Middle Triassic	Cynognathus zone	South Africa	A theriodont

Expeditions, field work, and fossil discoveries

Charles Gilmore returned to prospect for fossils in the Two Medicine Formation.^[7]

Institutions and organizations

The Calgary Public Museum of Alberta, Canada closed due to financial problems triggered by the Great Depression. By this point the museum had accumulated roughly 7500 different items of both natural and man-made origin. The collections were stored in another Calgary building called the Coste House.^[8]

References

^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Brown, R. (1935). "Miocene leaves, fruits, and seeds from Idaho, Oregon, and Washington". Journal of Paleontology. 9: 572–587.
^ Wolfe, J.A.; Wehr, W.C. (1988). "Rosaceous Chamaebatiaria-like foliage from the Paleogene of western North America". Aliso. 12 (1): 177–200. doi:10.5642/aliso.19881201.14.
^ Wolfe, J. A.; Wehr, W. C. (1987). Middle Eocene dicotyledonous plants from Republic, northeastern Washington (Report). Bulletin. Vol. 1597. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–25. doi:10.3133/b1597.
^ McClain, A. M.; Manchester, S. R. (2001). "Dipteronia (Sapindaceae) from the Tertiary of North America and implications for the phytogeographic history of the Aceroideae". American Journal of Botany. 88 (7): 1316–25. doi:10.2307/3558343. JSTOR 3558343. PMID 11454632.
^ Carpenter, F. M. (1930). "The fossil ants of North America" (PDF). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 70: 1–66.
^ Trexler, D., 2001, Two Medicine Formation, Montana: geology and fauna: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 298–309.
^ D. H. Tanke. 2010. Lost in plain sight: rediscovery of William E. Cutler's missing Eoceratops. In M. J. Ryan, B. J. Chinnery-Allgeier, D. A. Eberth (eds.), New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium. Indiana University Press, Bloomington 541-550.

[1] Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.

[Brown1935-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Brown, R. (1935). "Miocene leaves, fruits, and seeds from Idaho, Oregon, and Washington". Journal of Paleontology. 9: 572–587.

[Wolfe1988-3] Wolfe, J.A.; Wehr, W.C. (1988). "Rosaceous Chamaebatiaria-like foliage from the Paleogene of western North America". Aliso. 12 (1): 177–200. doi:10.5642/aliso.19881201.14.

[WandW87-4] Wolfe, J. A.; Wehr, W. C. (1987). Middle Eocene dicotyledonous plants from Republic, northeastern Washington (Report). Bulletin. Vol. 1597. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–25. doi:10.3133/b1597.

[brownii2001-5] McClain, A. M.; Manchester, S. R. (2001). "Dipteronia (Sapindaceae) from the Tertiary of North America and implications for the phytogeographic history of the Aceroideae". American Journal of Botany. 88 (7): 1316–25. doi:10.2307/3558343. JSTOR 3558343. PMID 11454632.

[Carpenter1930-6] Carpenter, F. M. (1930). "The fossil ants of North America" (PDF). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 70: 1–66.

[twoturn-7] Trexler, D., 2001, Two Medicine Formation, Montana: geology and fauna: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 298–309.

[cutler-8] D. H. Tanke. 2010. Lost in plain sight: rediscovery of William E. Cutler's missing Eoceratops. In M. J. Ryan, B. J. Chinnery-Allgeier, D. A. Eberth (eds.), New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium. Indiana University Press, Bloomington 541-550.

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