The Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei (奥羽越列藩同盟, lit. 'Alliance of the domains of Mutsu, Dewa, and Echigo') was a Japanese military-political coalition established and disestablished over the course of several months in early to mid-1868 during the Boshin War. Its flag was either a white interwoven five-pointed star on a black field, or a black interwoven five-pointed star on a white field. It is also known as the Northern Alliance (北部同盟, Hokubu Dōmei).
奥羽越列藩同盟 | |
 Standard-bearer at the 2006 Aizu Parade bearing the flag of the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei | |
| Formation | Spring 1868 |
|---|---|
| Type | Military and political alliance |
| Headquarters | Shiroishi, Sendai Domain, Japan |
| Membership | 31 domains of Northern Japan |
Official language | Japanese |
Meishu (Alliance Head) | Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa |
Sotoku (Governor-General) | Date Yoshikuni, Uesugi Narinori |
History
editThe Alliance centered on the Sendai, Yonezawa, and Nihonmatsu domains, and drew together nearly all domains from the provinces of Mutsu and Dewa, several domains of northern Echigo Province, and even the Matsumae Domain of Ezo (modern-day Hokkaidō). Headquartered at Shiroishi Castle, the alliance's nominal head was Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa, the onetime abbot of Kan'eiji Temple in Edo who fled north following the Satsuma–Chōshū takeover of the city, who declared himself "Emperor Tobu" (東武天皇), with Date Yoshikuni of Sendai and Uesugi Narinori of Yonezawa as the head of the Alliance. Although heteroclite in nature, the Alliance formed of a combination of modern and traditional forces, and mobilized a total of about 50,000 soldiers. Though the alliance did its best to support the Aizu Domain (会津藩), Aizu was not formally part of the alliance "Kaishō Alliance" (会庄同盟); neither was Shōnai (庄内藩).
In addition, though it technically no longer existed as a domain, the forces of the Hayashi clan of Jōzai Domain also fought on behalf of the Alliance.
While the alliance was a bold, innovative step that combined the military forces of several dozen domains, it was unable to fully act as a single, cohesive unit, and with the fall of Sendai and Aizu, it effectively collapsed.
Members of the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei
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| Domain | Ruling Family | Province |
|---|---|---|
| Matsumae | Matsumae | Ezo |
| Morioka | Nanbu | Mutsu |
| Nihonmatsu | Niwa | Mutsu |
| Hirosaki | Tsugaru | Mutsu |
| Tanagura | Abe | Mutsu |
| Sōma | Sōma | Mutsu |
| Sendai | Date | Mutsu |
| Ichinoseki | Tamura | Mutsu |
| Miharu | Akita | Mutsu |
| Iwakitaira | Andō | Mutsu |
| Fukushima | Itakura | Mutsu |
| Moriyama | Matsudaira | Mutsu |
| Izumi | Honda | Mutsu |
| Hachinohe | Nanbu | Mutsu |
| Yunagaya | Naitō | Mutsu |
| Miike | Tachibana | Fukuoka |
| Akita | Satake | Dewa |
| Yonezawa | Uesugi | Dewa |
| Shinjō | Tozawa | Dewa |
| Yamagata | Mizuno | Dewa |
| Kaminoyama | Matsudaira | Dewa |
| Honjō | Rokugō | Dewa |
| Kameda | Iwaki | Dewa |
| Tendō | Oda | Dewa |
| Yashima | Ikoma | Dewa |
| Shibata | Mizoguchi | Echigo |
| Nagaoka | Makino | Echigo |
| Murakami | Naitō | Echigo |
| Muramatsu | Hori | Echigo |
| Mineyama | Kyōgoku | Tango |
| Kurokawa | Yanagisawa | Echigo |
References
edit- Keene, Donald (2005). Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World, 1852–1912. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-12341-8.
- Hoshi, Ryōichi (1995). Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei: Higashi Nihon seifu juritsu no yume 奥羽越列藩同盟 : 東日本政府樹立の夢 (in Japanese). Chūō Kōronsha. ISBN 4-12-101235-6.
- Ravina, Mark (2004). The Last Samurai: The Life and Battles of Saigō Takamori. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-08970-2.