degt

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Latvian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Balto-Slavic *degtéi, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰégʷʰeti (to burn).

Regarding the different conjugation of transitive/intransitive, Carrasquer Vidal summarizes the situation as follows: "considering that transitives such as ja-presents make ē-preterits, while intransitives, such as n-infix verbs and sta-verbs, mostly make ā-preterits, a solution focusing on transitivity ~ intransitivity (active vs. middle) suggests itself,"[1] i.e., it is not an ad hoc formation to differentiate the two uses but rather the reason why the two conjugation types are different to begin with.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [dekt]
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

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degt (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present degu, dedz, deg, past degu)

  1. (of objects, substances) to burn (to be consumed by fire)
    degt lēni, straujito burn slowly, quickly
    degt ar spožu liesmuto burn with a bright flame
    degt bez dūmiemto burn without smoke
    papiross degthe cigarette is burning
    māja, pilsēta, mežs degthe house, the city, the forest is burning
    malka deg krāsnīthe firewood is burning in the stove
    slapjie žagari slikti degwet birches burn badly
  2. (only 3rd person, of fire itself) to burn
    pakalna vidū neliel ieplakā deg ugunskurs... deg gaiši, līksmi, priecīgiin the middle of the hill, in a little hollow place, the campfire is burning... it burns bright, cheerful, happy
    krāsnī gaiši dega uguns, sarkanām mēlēm laizīdama lielās, sausās egļu pagalesin the stove the fire burned bright, licking the big, dry spruce logs with (its) red tongues
  3. (of food, pans, etc.) to burn (to be heated, roasted, baked etc. in excess)
    gaļa deg pannāthe meat is burning in a pan
    maize krāsnī degthe bread is burning in the oven
    panna degthe pan is burning
  4. (of substances) to burn (to be flammable, to be capable of burning)
    labi deg arī dažu viegli gaistošu šķidrumu: ētera, spirta, acetona, benzola, benzīna un cituseveral volatile fluids also burn well: ether, alcohol, acetone, benzene, gasoline and others
  5. (of objects) to burn, to be on (to produce heat and/or light)
    gāzes plīts degthe gas stove is burning (= on)
    sērkociņš degthe match is burning
    lāpa degthe torch is burning (= on)
    uz galda deg tauku sveceon the table a fat candle was burning
    pazemē šahtā deg dienasgaismas spuldzesunderground, in the mine, the fluorescent lights are burning (= are on)
    pārbaudīt, vai spuldzes degto check if the light bulb works (lit. burns)
    gaisma deg visās istabāsthe light is on (lit. burning) in all rooms
  6. (of heavenly bodies) to burn, to shine brightly, to produce light
    bet augšā deg liela, liela, balta saule, un zilās debesis ir bezgalīgi dziļas un plašasbut up above a big, big white sun is burning, and the blue sky is infinitely deep and wide
    viņai likās, ka zvaigznes, kas spožas un dzirkstošas dega pie rudens debess, mirkšķina viņaiit seemed to her that the stars, which were burning (= shining) sparkingly on the autumn sky, were winking at her
  7. (of people, their body parts) to burn (to feel an intense feeling of heat, or an intense irritation, intense pain; also metaphorically)
    karstā ūdenī rokas deg(one's) hands burn in hot water
    seja deg saulē(his) face burns in the sun
    rokas deg no sala(his) hands are burning from the frost
    vējā vaigi deg(one's) cheeks burn in the cool wind
    vaigi deg aiz kauna(one's) cheeks burn with shame
    kad lapsene iedur, tā vieta deg tikpat kā ugunīwhen a wasp stings, the place burns just like fire
    ēšanu vēl varētu paciest, bet slāpes bija neizturamas... mute izkaltusi, un rīkle dega kā izplucinātaeating could be tolerated, but the thirst was unbearable... the mouth was dry, and the throat burned as if scalded
  8. (figuratively, of illnesses, ill people) to burn, to be hot (to have a fever)
    slimais deg kā ugunīthe sick person was burning as if in a fire (= had a strong fever)
    bērns dega kā uguns un drebēja no salathe child was hot like fire and trembled from the cold
    mājās pārbraukusi, degu un karšu... laikam esmu apsaldējusies un man sacēlies drudzis, es domāju un izmērīju temperatūruhaving returned home, I am burning and hot... maybe I've caught a cold and now have a fever, I think and measure (my) temperature
  9. (figuratively, colloquial, of hay, grass, etc.) to heat up in humidity, in humid conditions
    slapjais siens šķūnī degthe wet hay is burning in the barn
    zaļbarība kaudzē degthe grass fodder is burning in a pile
  10. (figuratively, of people, their feelings) to burn (to feel an emotion very strongly; to desire something very strongly)
    degt ilgāsto burn with (lit. in) longing, desire
    degt dusmāsto burn with (lit. in) anger
    degt aizrautībāto burn with (lit. in) passion
    degt priekāto burn with (lit. in) joy
    degt ziņkārēto burn with (lit. in) curiosity
    degtin degt pēc darbato burn (= yearn) for work
    viņš deg par moderno mūzikuhe burns (= is enthusiastic) about modern music
    brīvības ilgas dega tautā visu garo verdzības naktithe desire for freedom burned in the people all through the long night of slavery
    sejas dega satraukumā, un lūpas bija pavērtas brīvības saucienam(their) faces burned with (lit. in) excitement, and (their) lips were open to cries of freedom
    degdams naidā pret latviešu tautas, tās valodas un kultūras noniecinātājiem, Kronvaldu Atis uzbrūk feodālajiem vācu kungiemburning with (lit. in) hate against those who belittled the Latvian people, their language and culture, Atis Kronvalds attacked the German feudal lords
    tu sajūti, ka esi dzīvs, ka vari degt par visu jaunoyou feel that you are alive, that you can burn (= yearn) for everything new
  11. (figuratively, in the 3rd person, of fights, struggles) to burn (to happen intensely)
    deg nemieri valsts sirdī pašāunrest is burning in the very heart of the country
  12. (figuratively, in the 3rd person, colloquial) to be urgent, to be in a hurry
    bet es varu pagaidīt; man vēl nedegbut I can wait; I am not yet in a hurry (lit. it is not yet burning to me)
    es arī aizskrēju uz upmalu... pabradāju, papeldējos un tūlīt atkal uz mājām... “tu tā bizo? kas tev deg?”I also ran to the river bank... I paddle and swim a little and then I go immediately back home. “(why) are you galloping like that? what is burning to you? (= why the hurry?)”

Usage notes

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Except in metaphorical uses (“to have a fever,” “to burn with anger,” etc.), degt usually occurs only in the third person.

Conjugation

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Verb

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degt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present dedzu, dedz, dedz, past dedzu)

  1. (transitive, usually with ie-) (of light sources) to light
    viņš iededza gaismuhe turned on the light

Conjugation

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Synonyms

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Derived terms

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prefixed verbs:
other derived terms:

References

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Sudovian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Balto-Slavic *degtéi, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰégʷʰeti (to burn). Compare Lithuanian dègti, Latvian degt.[1][2]

Verb

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degt

  1. to burn

References

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  1. ^ Zigmas Zinkevičius (1985) “Lenkų-jotvingių žodynėlis? [A Polish-Yotvingian dictionary?]”, in Baltistica, volume 21, number 1 (in Lithuanian), Vilnius: VU, →DOI, page 71:degt ‘deginti, degti, l. pałić’ 188.
  2. ^ dègti” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–): “nar. degt vb. ‘(ver)brennen’”.