-ni
Central Nahuatl
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
Classical Nahuatl
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
Derived terms
[edit]Curripaco
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- third person singular masculine patient marker
References
[edit]- Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN), page 398
Finnish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-ni, from Proto-Uralic *-ni. Originally the first-person possessive suffix for words in plural, with -mi used for singular words; the latter is now only found in dialects. Compare Erzya -м (-m).
Suffix
[edit]-ni
- (possessive) First-person singular possessive suffix used with or without minun (the genitive of the personal pronoun minä), corresponds to the English possessive pronoun my
- (minun) kirjani ― my book(s)
- (minun) valaani ― my whale(s) (nominative singular/plural or genitive singular) / my oath (partitive or illative singular)
- (possessive) Appended to a genitive-requiring postposition that is after or without minun (the genitive of the personal pronoun minä), me
- (possessive) Used in a participle structure replacing an että clause, preceded by a verb expressing, e.g., telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "I"; appended to the active present participle in genitive singular when the action is concurrent with the main clause
- (possessive) Used in a participle structure replacing an että clause, preceded by a verb expressing, e.g., telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "I"; appended to the active past participle in genitive singular when the said/alleged (etc.) action antedates the main clause.
- Väitin tehneeni läksyjäni.
- I claimed to have been doing my homework.
- (possessive) Used in a shortened sentence expressing concurrent actions when the clauses have the same subject "I", appended to the inessive of the active second infinitive.
- Tehdessäni läksyjäni (minä) kuulin laukauksen ulkoa.
- (While) doing my homework, I heard a shot from outside.
- (possessive) Used in a shortened sentence expressing subsequent actions when the clauses have the same subject "I", appended to the partitive of the passive past participle singular.
- Tehtyäni läksyni (minä) kuulin laukauksen ulkoa.
- (After) having done / After doing my homework, I heard a shot from outside.
- (possessive) Used in a final shortened sentence expressing "in order to do" when the clauses have the same subject "I", appended to the long first infinitive.
- Tehdäkseni läksyni hyvin (minä) menin hiljaiseen huoneeseen.
- (In order) to do my homework well, I went into a quiet room.
- (possessive) Used in some adverbs, when the clause has the subject "I"
- Olen hyvin pahoillani siitä.
- I am very sorry about it.
- (possessive) Always appended to a noun in the comitative case when the clause has the subject "I".
- Kävelin kirjoineni ovesta ulos.
- I walked with my books out the door.
Usage notes
[edit]- The possessive suffix -ni is compulsory in standard Finnish. In standard Finnish, when expressing ownership or before a postposition, the genitive form of the corresponding personal pronoun minä before the main word can be omitted. In colloquial Finnish, the suffix -ni is very rare and only the genitive form minun (or its colloquial or dialectal variants) is used before the main word.
- Appended to the (strong) vowel stem. The final -n of the genitive and illative singular and plural or the -t of the nominative plural are omitted, for example: talo (“house”) > taloon (“into a/the house”) > taloosi (“into your house”).
- The shortened sentences — except for the participle structures — pertain mainly to formal/standard Finnish, not to informal/colloquial Finnish. It is also to be noticed that the shortened clauses are never separated from the main clauses with a comma.
See also
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Garo
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
[edit]-ni
- (inflectional suffix) forms the genitive case
See also
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- (infinitive suffix) Forms the infinitive.
- Forms the concessive sense: used to devalue the predicate of the sentence when repeated and followed by a clause that contrasts with or contradicts it. See also -nak/-nek.
- Elindulni elindul, de rögtön le is áll. ― It does start, but it turns off right away.
- (somewhat dated or literary, with the omission of lehet) one can…, it is possible to…
- Innen már látni a falut. ― One can already see the village from here.
Usage notes
[edit]- (infinitive suffix) Variants:
See also
[edit]Icelandic
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni f
- Nominalizes a verb or adjective.
Derived terms
[edit]Karelian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-ni, from Proto-Uralic *-ni. Cognates include Finnish -ni.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- P. M. Zaykov (1999) Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)], →ISBN, page 47
Maltese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni m or f
- 1st-person singular pronominal suffix, attached to verbs: me
Related terms
[edit]Mecayapan Nahuatl
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Classical Nahuatl -ni.
Verb
[edit]-ni
- Forms agent nouns from verbs.
Derived terms
[edit]Old Irish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *snīs (“we”) (compare Welsh ni).
Suffix
[edit]-ni
- 1st person plural emphatic suffix
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]Person | Emphatic suffixes |
---|---|
1 sg. | -se, -sa |
2 sg. | -siu, -so, -su |
3 sg. m.n. | -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam |
3 sg. f. | -si |
1 pl. | -ni, -nai, -sni |
2 pl. | -si |
3 pl. | -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam |
Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor; to verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject; and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object. |
Old Norse
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- positive degree weak masculine nominative singular of -inn (adjective suffix)
- weak masculine nominative singular of -inn (participle suffix)
- third-person singular/plural present subjunctive of -na (inchoative verb suffix)
Old Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-nь.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- forms adjectives
Derived terms
[edit]Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish -ni.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- forms adjectives
- forms masculine adjectives relating to place
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | virile (= masculine personal) | non-virile | |
nominative | -ni | -nia | -nie | -ni | -nie | |
genitive | -niego | -niej | -niego | -nich | ||
dative | -niemu | -niej | -niemu | -nim | ||
accusative | -niego | -ni | -nią | -nie | -nich | -nie |
instrumental | -nim | -nią | -nim | -nimi | ||
locative | -nim | -niej | -nim | -nich |
Derived terms
[edit]Quechua
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- First-person singular subject.
- Epenthetic suffix inserted between consonant clusters.
- yachachiq (“teacher”) -y (“my”) → *yachachiqy → yachachiqniy (“my teacher”)
See also
[edit]Romani
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Sanskrit -इनी (-inī). Cognate with Hindi -नी (-nī).
Suffix
[edit]-ni f
Suffix
[edit]-ni f
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “-ni”, in ニューエクスプレス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 130
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-nī (Cyrillic spelling -нӣ)
Derived terms
[edit]Sicilian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- added to words that are stressed on the final syllable to move stress to the penultimate syllable
Swahili
[edit]Other scripts | |
---|---|
Ajami | ـنِ |
Suffix
[edit]-ni
- Second person plural:
- With nouns, indicates location: in/inside, at, on
- 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi[1], translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, , pages 243–249, stanza 6:
- نِيَضِهِرِشِ يَغُ مَقَالِ ، اَبَيُ مُيُوْنِ نِقُصُدِيِ
- Niyaḍihirishe yangu maqali, ambayo moyoni niquṣudiye.
- Let me set forth the plan which I have in my heart.
Usage notes
[edit]- (second-person plural) Used in conjunction with the direct imperative to form the plural. With native (Bantu)/nativized verbs in -a, vowel changes to -e:
- (second-person plural) Used in conjunction with the class 1 (personal) object affix -wa- to disambiguate the second-person plural from the third person plural; verbs in -a change this to -e before the affix:
- Niliwasomeeni (I read to you) vs. Niliwasomea (I read to them)
Warlpiri
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- non-past marker, applied to verbs of class 5 to indicate non-past tense
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni m
Usage notes
[edit]-ni causes i-affection of internal vowels.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ni”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Zaghawa
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- family (used in compounds)
References
[edit]- Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad
Zulu
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]-ni
- what
- Udlani? ― What are you eating?
- Yini lokhu? ― What is this?
Usage notes
[edit]Unlike other pronouns, -ni always appears attached to another word. However, it does have a copulative form yini.
Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ni
- Forms the plural of the imperative of verbs.
References
[edit]- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-ni”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-ni”
- Central Nahuatl lemmas
- Central Nahuatl suffixes
- Classical Nahuatl lemmas
- Classical Nahuatl suffixes
- Curripaco lemmas
- Curripaco suffixes
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish possessive suffixes
- Garo lemmas
- Garo suffixes
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ni
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ni/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian dated terms
- Hungarian literary terms
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic suffixes
- Icelandic feminine suffixes
- Karelian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Karelian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Karelian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Karelian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Karelian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Karelian lemmas
- Karelian suffixes
- Maltese terms inherited from Arabic
- Maltese terms derived from Arabic
- Maltese 1-syllable words
- Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maltese lemmas
- Maltese suffixes
- Maltese masculine suffixes
- Maltese feminine suffixes
- Maltese suffixes with multiple genders
- Maltese personal pronouns
- Mecayapan Nahuatl lemmas
- Mecayapan Nahuatl suffixes
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish suffixes
- Old Irish emphatic suffixes
- Old Norse non-lemma forms
- Old Norse suffix forms
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish suffixes
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/i
- Rhymes:Polish/i/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish suffixes
- Polish soft adjectives
- Quechua lemmas
- Quechua suffixes
- Romani terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Romani terms derived from Sanskrit
- Romani lemmas
- Romani suffixes
- Romani feminine suffixes
- Romani female equivalent suffixes
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian suffixes
- Sicilian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sicilian lemmas
- Sicilian suffixes
- Swahili lemmas
- Swahili suffixes
- Swahili terms with usage examples
- Swahili terms with quotations
- Swahili personal pronouns
- Warlpiri lemmas
- Warlpiri suffixes
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh suffixes
- Welsh masculine suffixes
- Zaghawa terms with IPA pronunciation
- Zaghawa lemmas
- Zaghawa suffixes
- Zulu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Zulu lemmas
- Zulu pronouns
- Zulu terms with usage examples
- Zulu suffixes