veho

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Latin

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Etymology

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From Proto-Italic *weɣō, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to ride”) (present stem from Proto-Indo-European *wéǵʰeti, perfect stem either from Proto-Indo-European *wḗǵʰst or a later formation of the same type). Cognate with Arcadocypriot Greek ϝέχω (wékhō), Sanskrit वहति (vahati), Persian وز (vaz), Old English wegan.

Pronunciation

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  • (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈu̯e.hoː/, [ˈu̯e(ɦ)oː]
  • (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈve.o/, [ˈvɛːo]
  • The length of the vowel in the perfect stem vē̆x- is uncertain per Bennett 1907, Buck 1913 and Sihler 1995.[1][2][3] De Vaan 2008, Weiss 2009 and Vine 2017 mark it as long[4][5][6] (representing a lengthened ablaut grade of the root). As the use of the suffix -s- to form perfects remained productive into Latin, the Latin perfect form could in theory be an independent formation rather than going back to a common ancestor of Latin, Greek and Sanskrit.[3] In the PIE stage, Ringe reconstructs this type of aorist as having a long vowel in the singular but a short vowel in the plural (e.g. *wḗǵʰst vs. *wéǵʰsn̥d[7]).

Verb

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vehō (present infinitive vehere, perfect active vē̆xī, supine vectum); third conjugation

  1. to carry, bear, convey, transport
    Synonyms: ferō, portō, trahō, agō, vectō, dūcō, gerō, efferō, dēdūcō, prōdūcō, addūcō, trādūcō
  2. (passive voice) to ride; to be borne

Usage notes

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  • May be used to mean carried by a person, riding a horse, ferried by ship, and many other means of conveyance. Uses ablative of means.

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of vehō (third conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present vehō vehis vehit vehimus vehitis vehunt
imperfect vehēbam vehēbās vehēbat vehēbāmus vehēbātis vehēbant
future veham vehēs vehet vehēmus vehētis vehent
perfect vē̆xī vē̆xistī vē̆xit vē̆ximus vē̆xistis vē̆xērunt,
vē̆xēre
pluperfect vē̆xeram vē̆xerās vē̆xerat vē̆xerāmus vē̆xerātis vē̆xerant
future perfect vē̆xerō vē̆xeris vē̆xerit vē̆xerimus vē̆xeritis vē̆xerint
passive present vehor veheris,
vehere 		vehitur vehimur vehiminī vehuntur
imperfect vehēbar vehēbāris,
vehēbāre 		vehēbātur vehēbāmur vehēbāminī vehēbantur
future vehar vehēris,
vehēre 		vehētur vehēmur vehēminī vehentur
perfect vectus present active indicative of sum
pluperfect vectus imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect vectus future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present veham vehās vehat vehāmus vehātis vehant
imperfect veherem veherēs veheret veherēmus veherētis veherent
perfect vē̆xerim vē̆xerīs vē̆xerit vē̆xerīmus vē̆xerītis vē̆xerint
pluperfect vē̆xissem vē̆xissēs vē̆xisset vē̆xissēmus vē̆xissētis vē̆xissent
passive present vehar vehāris,
vehāre 		vehātur vehāmur vehāminī vehantur
imperfect veherer veherēris,
veherēre 		veherētur veherēmur veherēminī veherentur
perfect vectus present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect vectus imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — vehe — — vehite —
future — vehitō vehitō — vehitōte vehuntō
passive present — vehere — — vehiminī —
future — vehitor vehitor — — vehuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives vehere vē̆xisse vectūrum esse vehī vectum esse vectum īrī
participles vehēns — vectūrus — vectus vehendus,
vehundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
vehendī vehendō vehendum vehendō vectum vectū

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • → Ido: vehar

References

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  1. ^ Charles E. Bennett (1907) “Hidden Quantity”, in The Latin Language – a historical outline of its sounds, inflections, and syntax, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, page 72
  2. ^ Buck, Carl D. (1913) “Hidden Quantities again”, in The Classical Review, volume 27, number 4, page 124
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 526, pages 582-583
  4. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vehō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 658
  5. ^ Weiss, Michael L. (2009) Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin‎[1], Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, →ISBN, § I E, page 412
  6. ^ Brent Vine (2017) “48. The morphology of Italic”, in Jared Klein, Brian Joseph, Matthias Fritz, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics, volume 2, →DOI
  7. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 13

Further reading

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  • “veho”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “veho”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • veho in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to drive: curru vehi, in rheda (Mil. 21. 55)
    • to ride: equo vehi
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