ran

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ran"

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɹæn/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æn

Etymology 1

Verb

ran

1. simple past of run
2. simple past of rin
3. (nonstandard, colloquial) past participle of run
   • 1731, Philippus van Limborch, translated by Samuel Chandler, The History of the Inquisition‎^[1], volume 1, page 231:

     […] rather to convince the Underſtanding, than to be eaſily capable of being anſwered ; excuſing your ſelf that you have ran into an Error, ſo foreign as you have declared from your Intention, […]

   • 1837, William Keary, Romanism exposed; or, Strictures on two lectures […] ‎^[2], Goddard and Brown, page 6:

     " Heretics and schismatics, because they rebel against her, and only belong to the church, as deserters to an army from which they have ran away ; […]

   • 2012 March 5, Helen Summer, Running Crazy‎^[3], John Blake Publishing, →ISBN, page 209:

     I’ve ran this event many times but in the year 2000, when we were running over the Bodmin Moor part of the course, it lashed down with large, freezing-cold hailstones.

Etymology 2

Noun

ran (uncountable)

1. (nautical) Yarns coiled on a spun-yarn winch.

See also

etymologically unrelated terms

• on the ran tan

 

Anagrams

• Arn, NRA, Nar, RNA

Alemannic German

Adjective

ran

1. (Uri) lanky, slender

References

• Abegg, Emil, (1911) Die Mundart von Urseren (Beiträge zur Schweizerdeutschen Grammatik. IV.) [The Dialect of Urseren], Frauenfeld, Switzerland: Huber & Co., page 63.

Arop-Lokep

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɑn/, [ˈrɑn]

Noun

ran

1. water

Further reading

• Arop-Lokep, in The Oceanic Languages →ISBN, Terry Crowley, John Lynch, Malcolm Ross), page 257: ran ki "his water"
• Stephen George Parker, Phonological Descriptions of Papua New Guinea Languages (2005)

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈran]

Adverb

ran

1. Alternative form of arran

See also

• ran de

Chuukese

Noun

ran

1. day, daylight

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈran]

Noun

ran

1. genitive plural of rána

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse rán.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /raːn/, [ʁɑːˀn]

Noun

ran n (singular definite ranet, plural indefinite ran)

1. open theft

Inflection

Declension of ran

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ran	ranet	ran	ranene
genitive	rans	ranets	rans	ranenes

Verb

ran

1. imperative of rane

German

Etymology

Shortened form of heran.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʁan]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -an
• Homophone: rann

Adverb

ran

1. (colloquial) near, close to, over to

Related terms

• see list in raus

Further reading

• “ran” in Duden online
• “ran” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Gilbertese

Noun

ran

1. water

References

• Thomas Edward Dutton, Darrell T. Tryon, Language Contact and Change in the Austronesian World (1994)

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French rang.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣã/

Noun

ran

1. row, line
2. rank, position

References

• Targète, Jean and Urciolo, Raphael G. Haitian Creole-English dictionary (1993; →ISBN)

Japanese

Romanization

ran

1. Rōmaji transcription of らん

Karnai

Noun

ran

1. water

Further reading

• John Carter, Katie Carter, John Grummitt, Bonnie MacKenzie, Janell Masters, A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Mur Village Vernaculars (2012), page 59

Malasanga

Noun

ran

1. water

Further reading

• John Carter, Katie Carter, John Grummitt, Bonnie MacKenzie, Janell Masters, A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Mur Village Verna, page 59, 2012

Mandarin

Romanization

ran

1. Nonstandard spelling of rán.
2. Nonstandard spelling of rǎn.

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Namakura

Noun

ran

1. water

References

• Malcolm Ross, Andrew Pawley et Meredith Osmond (eds), The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic: The physical environment, Pacific Linguistics, 545-2. Australian National University, Canberra, 2003, page 59

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse rán.

Noun

ran n (definite singular ranet, indefinite plural ran, definite plural rana or ranene)

1. a robbery

Derived terms

• bankran

Related terms

• rane

Etymology 2

Verb

ran

1. imperative of rane

References

• “ran” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse rán.

Noun

ran n (definite singular ranet, indefinite plural ran, definite plural rana)

1. a robbery

Derived terms

• bankran

References

• “ran” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Alternative forms

• rēna

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɑːn/

Noun

rān n (nominative plural rān)

1. unlawful seizure of property; robbery

Declension

Declension of rān (strong a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	rān	rān
accusative	rān	rān
genitive	rānes	rāna
dative	rāne	rānum

References

• Joseph Bosworth, edited by T. Northcote Toller, An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1882
• T. Northcote Toller, An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: Supplement, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1921

Old Tupi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ran, from Proto-Tupian *ran.

Adjective

ran (noun form rana)

1. similar; alike; false
2. shoddy; poorly made
3. (figurative) rude; impolite

Declension

    Declension of ran (consonant ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi adjectives)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Causative	moran
Deadjectivals
-ba'e	i ranyba'e
-sab(a)	randaba
	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person exclusive	1st person inclusive	2nd person
Adjectival forms
Active
Indicative	xe ran	nde ran	i ran	oré ran	îandé ran	pe ran
Imperative
Permissive	ta xe ran	ta nde ran	t'i ran	t'oré ran	t'îandé ran	ta pe ran
Negative indicative	na xe rani	na nde rani	n'i rani	n'oré rani	n'îandé rani	na pe rani
Negative imperative		nde ran umẽ				pe ran umẽ
Negative permissive	ta xe ran umẽ	ta nde ran umẽ	t'i ran umẽ	t'oré ran umẽ	t'îandé ran umẽ	ta pe ran umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative	xe ranamo	nde ranamo	o ranamo	oré ranamo	îandé ranamo	pe ranamo
Negative	xe rane'ymamo	nde rane'ymamo	o rane'ymamo	oré rane'ymamo	îandé rane'ymamo	pe rane'ymamo
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	rana
Negative	rane'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	same as gerund1
	xe rani2		i rani2	oré rani2	îandé rani2
Negative	same as gerund1
	xe rane'ymi2		i rane'ymi2	oré rane'ymi2	îandé rane'ymi2
1South Tupi 2North Tupi

Derived terms

• musurana
• tataûrana
• urutaûrana

 

References

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “rana”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 427, column 1

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈran/
• Rhymes: -an
• Syllabification: ran

Noun

ran f

1. genitive plural of rana

Noun

ran n

1. genitive plural of rano

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ranъ (Russian ра́нний (ránnij), Polish rano).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /râːn/
• Rhymes: -âːn

Adjective

rȃn (Cyrillic spelling ра̑н, definite rȃnī, comparative rànijī)

1. early

   Antonym: kȁsan

2. premature

Declension

positive indefinite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		ran	rana	rano
genitive		rana	rane	rana
dative		ranu	ranoj	ranu
accusative	inanimate animate	ran rana	ranu	rano
vocative		ran	rana	rano
locative		ranu	ranoj	ranu
instrumental		ranim	ranom	ranim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		rani	rane	rana
genitive		ranih	ranih	ranih
dative		ranim(a)	ranim(a)	ranim(a)
accusative		rane	rane	rana
vocative		rani	rane	rana
locative		ranim(a)	ranim(a)	ranim(a)
instrumental		ranim(a)	ranim(a)	ranim(a)

positive definite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		rani	rana	rano
genitive		ranog(a)	rane	ranog(a)
dative		ranom(u/e)	ranoj	ranom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	rani ranog(a)	ranu	rano
vocative		rani	rana	rano
locative		ranom(e/u)	ranoj	ranom(e/u)
instrumental		ranim	ranom	ranim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		rani	rane	rana
genitive		ranih	ranih	ranih
dative		ranim(a)	ranim(a)	ranim(a)
accusative		rane	rane	rana
vocative		rani	rane	rana
locative		ranim(a)	ranim(a)	ranim(a)
instrumental		ranim(a)	ranim(a)	ranim(a)

comparative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		raniji	ranija	ranije
genitive		ranijeg(a)	ranije	ranijeg(a)
dative		ranijem(u)	ranijoj	ranijem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	raniji ranijeg(a)	raniju	ranije
vocative		raniji	ranija	ranije
locative		ranijem(u)	ranijoj	ranijem(u)
instrumental		ranijim	ranijom	ranijim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		raniji	ranije	ranija
genitive		ranijih	ranijih	ranijih
dative		ranijim(a)	ranijim(a)	ranijim(a)
accusative		ranije	ranije	ranija
vocative		raniji	ranije	ranija
locative		ranijim(a)	ranijim(a)	ranijim(a)
instrumental		ranijim(a)	ranijim(a)	ranijim(a)

superlative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najraniji	najranija	najranije
genitive		najranijeg(a)	najranije	najranijeg(a)
dative		najranijem(u)	najranijoj	najranijem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	najraniji najranijeg(a)	najraniju	najranije
vocative		najraniji	najranija	najranije
locative		najranijem(u)	najranijoj	najranijem(u)
instrumental		najranijim	najranijom	najranijim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najraniji	najranije	najranija
genitive		najranijih	najranijih	najranijih
dative		najranijim(a)	najranijim(a)	najranijim(a)
accusative		najranije	najranije	najranija
vocative		najraniji	najranije	najranija
locative		najranijim(a)	najranijim(a)	najranijim(a)
instrumental		najranijim(a)	najranijim(a)	najranijim(a)

References

• “ran”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ranъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ráːn/

Adjective

rȃn (comparative ránejši, superlative nȁjránejši)

1. early

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Hard
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom. sing.	rán	rána	ráno
singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	rán ind ráni def	rána	ráno
genitive	ránega	ráne	ránega
dative	ránemu	ráni	ránemu
accusative	nominativeinan or genitiveanim	ráno	ráno
locative	ránem	ráni	ránem
instrumental	ránim	ráno	ránim
dual
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	rána	ráni	ráni
genitive	ránih	ránih	ránih
dative	ránima	ránima	ránima
accusative	rána	ráni	ráni
locative	ránih	ránih	ránih
instrumental	ránima	ránima	ránima
plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ráni	ráne	rána
genitive	ránih	ránih	ránih
dative	ránim	ránim	ránim
accusative	ráne	ráne	rána
locative	ránih	ránih	ránih
instrumental	ránimi	ránimi	ránimi

Further reading

• “ran”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English run.

Noun

ran

1. To run
   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:14:

     Nem bilong namba 3 wara em Taigris na em i ran i go long hap sankamap bilong kantri Asiria. Na nem bilong namba 4 wara em Yufretis.

     →New International Version translation

Ulau-Suain

Noun

ran

1. water

References

• Stephen Adolphe Wurm, New Guinea Area Languages and Language Study (1976)

Vietnamese

Etymology

Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 波散 (MC pa sanX) (modern SV: ba tản).

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [zaːn˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʐaːŋ˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ɹaːŋ˧˧]

Verb

ran

1. to resound; to spread widely

Welsh

Noun

ran

1. Soft mutation of rhan.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
rhan	ran	unchanged	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Welsh Romani

Noun

ran f

1. rod, wand
2. fishing rod

Derived terms

• basavi ran
• baxterimaski ran
• biti-skutengi ran
• mačengi ran
• mačeski ran
• ranela
• raňako
• raňengero
• raňengo
• rovimaski ran
• sunakeski ran
• såni mačeski ran
• tentake raňa
• čoveximaski ran

 

References

• “ran” in Welsh Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.