-eius
Latin
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]By analogy with nomina gentilicia of Oscan or perhaps Etruscan origin, such as Pompeius (from 𐌐𐌖𐌌𐌐𐌄 (pumpe, “five”)), Tarpeius, Saufeius. Difficult to distinguish from Etymology 2.[1] Gentilics ending in -eius may have originated from a Faliscan variant of this suffix, whereas -aius (as in Anaius, Popaius, Ulaius) may go back to Oscan, and -aeus (as in Annaeus) to Paelignian and Umbrian.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈei̯.i̯us/, [ˈɛi̯ːʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈe.jus/, [ˈɛːjus]
- Note: although the syllable is heavy due to the regularly geminate intervocalic /j/, the vowel is thought to have been short on etymological grounds.
Suffix
[edit]-eius (feminine -eia, neuter -eium); first/second-declension suffix
- forms nomina gentilicia
- Elatus → Elateius
- Proculus → Proculeius
Usage notes
[edit]- This suffix was also used to form humorous words such as sterteia (“one who snores”) from stertō (“snore”) by Petronius and sterceia (“a maidservant who cleans the excrement of children”) from stercus (“dung, manure”) by Tertullian.
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nominative | -eius | -eia | -eium | -eiī | -eiae | -eia | |
genitive | -eiī | -eiae | -eiī | -eiōrum | -eiārum | -eiōrum | |
dative | -eiō | -eiae | -eiō | -eiīs | |||
accusative | -eium | -eiam | -eium | -eiōs | -eiās | -eia | |
ablative | -eiō | -eiā | -eiō | -eiīs | |||
vocative | -ei | -eia | -eium | -eiī | -eiae | -eia |
The Masculine Singular Vocative is monosyllabic.[3]
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Derived adjectives from nouns and names with an -ē stem with the suffix -ius (such as plēbēius (“of the common people”) from plēbēs (“the common people”), an archaic form of plēbs). Difficult to distinguish from Etymology 1.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈeː.i̯us/, [ˈeːi̯ʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈe.jus/, [ˈɛːjus]
- Note: the vowel is thought to have been long on etymological grounds.
Suffix
[edit]-ēius (feminine -ēia, neuter -ēium); first/second-declension suffix
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nominative | -ēius | -ēia | -ēium | -ēiī | -ēiae | -ēia | |
genitive | -ēiī | -ēiae | -ēiī | -ēiōrum | -ēiārum | -ēiōrum | |
dative | -ēiō | -ēiae | -ēiō | -ēiīs | |||
accusative | -ēium | -ēiam | -ēium | -ēiōs | -ēiās | -ēia | |
ablative | -ēiō | -ēiā | -ēiō | -ēiīs | |||
vocative | -ēie | -ēia | -ēium | -ēiī | -ēiae | -ēia |
Etymology 3
[edit]From Ancient Greek adjectives in -ήϊος (-ḗïos), Epic form of Attic -εῖος (-eîos). Perhaps more properly considered a poetically variant scansion of the suffixes under Etymology 1 and 2, modelled on the corresponding situation in Greek.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈeː.i.us/, [ˈeːiʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈe.i.us/, [ˈɛːius]
- Note: this suffix is trisyllabic.
Suffix
[edit]-ēĭus (feminine -ēĭa, neuter -ēĭum); first/second-declension suffix
- (literary, poetic) Forms adjectives, chiefly from Ancient Greek nouns, but occasionally from native ones as well
- Ancient Greek φῠ́λλος (phúllos, “leaf”) → Phyllēĭus (corresponding to Φῠλλήϊος (Phullḗïos))
- Ancient Greek Πρῐ́ᾱπος (Príāpos) → Priāpēĭus (corresponding to Πρῐᾱπήϊος (Priāpḗïos))
- Tiberius → Tiberēĭus
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nominative | -ēĭus | -ēĭa | -ēĭum | -ēĭī | -ēĭae | -ēĭa | |
genitive | -ēĭī | -ēĭae | -ēĭī | -ēĭōrum | -ēĭārum | -ēĭōrum | |
dative | -ēĭō | -ēĭae | -ēĭō | -ēĭīs | |||
accusative | -ēĭum | -ēĭam | -ēĭum | -ēĭōs | -ēĭās | -ēĭa | |
ablative | -ēĭō | -ēĭā | -ēĭō | -ēĭīs | |||
vocative | -ēĭe | -ēĭa | -ēĭum | -ēĭī | -ēĭae | -ēĭa |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Leumann, Manu, Hofmann, Johann Baptist, Szantyr, Anton (1977) “-eius -eia”, in Lateinische Grammatik: Lateinische Laut- und Formenlehre, CH Beck, page 289
- ^ Chase, George Davis (1897) “The Origin of Roman Praenomina”, in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, volume 8, page 120
- ^ Leumann, Manu, Hofmann, Johann Baptist, Szantyr, Anton (1977) “325: Dekl. Sing. Vokativ”, in Lateinische Grammatik: Lateinische Laut- und Formenlehre, CH Beck, page 424
- Latin terms derived from Oscan
- Latin terms derived from Etruscan
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin suffixes
- Latin adjective-forming suffixes
- Latin first and second declension suffixes
- Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Latin 3-syllable words
- Latin literary terms
- Latin poetic terms