-eius

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See also: eius

Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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By analogy with nomina gentilicia of Oscan or perhaps Etruscan origin, such as Pompeius (from 𐌐𐌖𐌌𐌐𐌄 (pumpe, five)), Tarpeius, Saufeius. Difficult to distinguish from Etymology 2.[1] Gentilics ending in -eius may have originated from a Faliscan variant of this suffix, whereas -aius (as in Anaius, Popaius, Ulaius) may go back to Oscan, and -aeus (as in Annaeus) to Paelignian and Umbrian.[2]

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-eius (feminine -eia, neuter -eium); first/second-declension suffix

  1. forms nomina gentilicia
    Elatus → ‎Elateius
    Proculus → ‎Proculeius
Usage notes
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  • This suffix was also used to form humorous words such as sterteia (one who snores) from stertō (snore) by Petronius and sterceia (a maidservant who cleans the excrement of children) from stercus (dung, manure) by Tertullian.
Declension
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First/second-declension adjective
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative -eius -eia -eium -eiī -eiae -eia
genitive -eiī -eiae -eiī -eiōrum -eiārum -eiōrum
dative -eiō -eiae -eiō -eiīs
accusative -eium -eiam -eium -eiōs -eiās -eia
ablative -eiō -eiā -eiō -eiīs
vocative -ei -eia -eium -eiī -eiae -eia

The Masculine Singular Vocative is monosyllabic.[3]

Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Derived adjectives from nouns and names with an stem with the suffix -ius (such as plēbēius (of the common people) from plēbēs (the common people), an archaic form of plēbs). Difficult to distinguish from Etymology 1.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ēius (feminine -ēia, neuter -ēium); first/second-declension suffix

  1. forms adjectives from nouns and proper names
    pāgus-ēius → ‎pāgēius
Declension
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Etymology 3

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From Ancient Greek adjectives in -ήϊος (-ḗïos), Epic form of Attic -εῖος (-eîos). Perhaps more properly considered a poetically variant scansion of the suffixes under Etymology 1 and 2, modelled on the corresponding situation in Greek.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ēĭus (feminine -ēĭa, neuter -ēĭum); first/second-declension suffix

  1. (literary, poetic) Forms adjectives, chiefly from Ancient Greek nouns, but occasionally from native ones as well
    Ancient Greek φῠ́λλος (phúllos, leaf) → ‎Phyllēĭus (corresponding to Φῠλλήϊος (Phullḗïos))
    Ancient Greek Πρῐ́ᾱπος (Príāpos) → ‎Priāpēĭus (corresponding to Πρῐᾱπήϊος (Priāpḗïos))
    Tiberius → ‎Tiberēĭus
Declension
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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Leumann, Manu, Hofmann, Johann Baptist, Szantyr, Anton (1977) “-eius -eia”, in Lateinische Grammatik: Lateinische Laut- und Formenlehre, CH Beck, page 289
  2. ^ Chase, George Davis (1897) “The Origin of Roman Praenomina”, in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, volume 8, page 120
  3. ^ Leumann, Manu, Hofmann, Johann Baptist, Szantyr, Anton (1977) “325: Dekl. Sing. Vokativ”, in Lateinische Grammatik: Lateinische Laut- und Formenlehre, CH Beck, page 424