上帝
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Chinese
[edit]up; on; on top up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up |
emperor | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (上帝) |
上 | 帝 |
Etymology
[edit]- Shangdi (the supreme deity in Chinese mythology and folk religion)
- Attested in the Oracle bones, albeit "extraordinarily rare[ly]".[1]
- God (Christian)
- Identification of the Christian God with the native Shang supreme deity was first advanced by Catholic missionaries, including Matteo Ricci in his The True Meaning of The Lord of Heaven 《天主實義/天主实义》, published in 1595. Despite its Catholic semantic re-adaptation, the regular use of Shangdi to refer to the Christian God is today generally restricted to Protestants; Catholics generally use 天主 (Tiānzhǔ, “Lord of Heaven”) instead.
- customers
- The sense of "customers" is from the phrase 顧客就是上帝/顾客就是上帝 (“the customer is always right”, literally “the customer is the God”).
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng6 dai3
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): Ciōng-di̿
- Eastern Min (BUC): Siông-dá̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zaon-ti
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ ㄉㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Shàngdì
- Wade–Giles: Shang4-ti4
- Yale: Shàng-dì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shanqdih
- Palladius: Шанди (Šandi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: soeng6 dai3
- Yale: seuhng dai
- Cantonese Pinyin: soeng6 dai3
- Guangdong Romanization: sêng6 dei3
- Sinological IPA (key): /sœːŋ²² tɐi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Song-ti
- Hakka Romanization System: song di
- Hagfa Pinyim: song4 di4
- Sinological IPA: /soŋ⁵⁵ ti⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Song-thi
- Hakka Romanization System: song ti
- Hagfa Pinyim: song4 ti4
- Sinological IPA: /soŋ⁵⁵ tʰi⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: shong˖ diˇ
- Sinological IPA: /ʃoŋ³³ ti¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Ciōng-di̿
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵ ti³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: Siông-dá̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /suoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ (t-)nɑ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: dzyangH tejH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*daŋʔ-s tˤek-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*djaŋs teːɡs/
Proper noun
[edit]上帝
- (Chinese mythology, Chinese folk religion) Shangdi (sky deity in Chinese traditional religions)
- 況且老大人化過多少心力呢。借了上帝的息壤,來湮洪水,雖然觸了上帝的惱怒,洪水的深度可也淺了一點了。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1935, Lu Xun, 《理水》
- Kuàngqiě lǎo dàrén huà guò duōshào xīnlì ne. Jiè le Shàngdì de xīrǎng, lái yān hóngshuǐ, suīrán chù le Shàngdì de nǎonù, hóngshuǐ de shēndù kě yě qiǎn le yīdiǎn le. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
况且老大人化过多少心力呢。借了上帝的息壤,来湮洪水,虽然触了上帝的恼怒,洪水的深度可也浅了一点了。 [MSC, simp.]
- (Christianity) God
- 上帝保佑女王 ― Shàngdì bǎoyòu Nǚwáng ― God Bless the Queen
- 榮耀歸於上帝/荣耀归于上帝 ― róngyào guīyú Shàngdì ― Glory to God alone
- 上帝至仁,以生生不窮爲道,豈有殺此贖彼,不忍不公之心也。耶穌彼謂之上帝之愛子,則愛子代有罪者被殺,而上帝悅之,亦何不仁不公之甚耶?吾知其上帝決無此事。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]
- From: 1961, Kim Yeong'ik (金永益), 《西敎辨》
- Sangje ji in, i saengsaeng bul gung wi do, gae yu sal cha sok pi, burin bulgong ji sim ya. Yaso pi wi ji Sangje ji aeja, jeuk aeja dae yujoe ja pi sal, i Sangje yeol ji, yeok ha burin bulgong ji sim ya? O ji gi Sangje gyeol mu cha sa. [Sino-Korean]
- Shangdi [God] being most benevolent, He made the inexhaustibility of growth and multiplication as His Way; how could there be Him killing this to redeem that—[that] would be an unbearably unfair intention. As for Jesus, they say he is God's beloved son, so the beloved son has been killed in place of the sinful, and this was pleasing unto God; again, how severe is the lack of benevolence, the unfairness? I know that God would never do such a thing.
Synonyms
[edit]- (God):
Terms for God in different branches of Christianity
Branch | Words |
---|---|
Protestant | 上帝, 神, 真神 |
Roman Catholic | 天主, 僚氏 Hokkien, historical |
Eastern Orthodox | 上帝 |
- (Wu) 真神 (Zhēnshén)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Noun
[edit]上帝
References
[edit]- ^ Chang, Ruth H. (2000) “Understanding Di and Tian: Deity and Heaven from Shang to Tang Dynasties”, in Sino-Platonic Papers[1], number 108, page vi
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
上 | 帝 |
じょう Grade: 1 |
てい Grade: S |
goon | kan'on |
Noun
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
上 | 帝 |
Proper noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
上 | 帝 |
Proper noun
[edit]上帝
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