上帝

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Chinese

[edit]
up; on; on top
up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up
 
emperor
simp. and trad.
(上帝)

Etymology

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Shangdi (the supreme deity in Chinese mythology and folk religion)
Attested in the Oracle bones, albeit "extraordinarily rare[ly]".[1]
God (Christian)
Identification of the Christian God with the native Shang supreme deity was first advanced by Catholic missionaries, including Matteo Ricci in his The True Meaning of The Lord of Heaven天主實義天主实义》, published in 1595. Despite its Catholic semantic re-adaptation, the regular use of Shangdi to refer to the Christian God is today generally restricted to Protestants; Catholics generally use 天主 (Tiānzhǔ, “Lord of Heaven”) instead.
customers
The sense of "customers" is from the phrase 顧客就是上帝/顾客就是上帝 (“the customer is always right”, literally “the customer is the God”).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2 1/1
Initial () (25) (5)
Final () (105) (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III IV
Fanqie
Baxter dzyangH tejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑɨɐŋH/ /teiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑiɐŋH/ /teiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑiɑŋH/ /tɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑɨaŋH/ /tɛjH/
Li
Rong
/ʑiaŋH/ /teiH/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭaŋH/ /tieiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʑi̯aŋH/ /tieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
soeng6 dai3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 3/3 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shàng
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzyangH › ‹ tejH ›
Old
Chinese
/*daŋʔ-s/ /*tˁek-s/
English top, above (n.) God

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2 1/1
No. 11103 2313
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*djaŋs/ /*teːɡs/
Notes

Proper noun

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上帝

Wikipedia has articles on:
  1. (Chinese mythology, Chinese folk religion) Shangdi (sky deity in Chinese traditional religions)
  2. (Christianity) God
    上帝保佑女王  ―  Shàngdì bǎoyòu Nǚwáng  ―  God Bless the Queen
    榮耀歸於上帝荣耀归于上帝  ―  róngyào guīyú Shàngdì  ―  Glory to God alone
    相信上帝 [MSC, trad.]
    相信上帝 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ xiāngxìn shàngdì ma? [Pinyin]
    Do you believe in God?

Synonyms

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  • (God):

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (上帝):

Noun

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上帝

  1. (obsolete) monarch
  2. (slang) customer; consumer

References

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  1. ^ Chang, Ruth H. (2000) “Understanding Di and Tian: Deity and Heaven from Shang to Tang Dynasties”, in Sino-Platonic Papers[1], number 108, page vi

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
じょう
Grade: 1
てい
Grade: S
goon kan'on

Noun

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(じょう)(てい) (jōtei

  1. lord, god

Proper noun

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(じょう)(てい) (Jōtei

  1. God, the Creator

Korean

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Hanja in this term

Proper noun

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上帝 (Sangje) (hangeul 상제)

  1. hanja form? of 상제 (God)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Proper noun

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上帝

  1. chữ Hán form of Thượng Đế (God).