ren

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ren"

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Learned borrowing from Latin rēn. Doublet of rein (“kidney”).

Noun

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ren (plural renes)

  1. (anatomy) A kidney.
    • 1759, Malcolm Flemyng, “Lecture XIX. On the kidneys and urinary bladder. Gravel; calculus.”, in An Introduction to Physiology, Being a Courſe of Lectures Upon the moſt important Parts of the Animal Œconomy: […], London: J. Nourse, →OCLC, page 259:
      Having treated laſt of the expulſion of the inteſtinal fæces, we come next to conſider thoſe organs, which ſeparate and throw off another principal excrementitious matter, to wit, urine. The firſt of which is the renes or kidneys.
    • 1810, William Tully, “On Aliment”, in Proceedings of the Presidents and Fellows of the Connecticut Medical Society, published 1884, page 326:
      We find, however, that the detrita, consisting principally of effete hydrogen and carbon, brought into the circulation by the absorbents, are constantly making their escape from the system by way of the renes, skin, and lungs, in the forms of water, and carbonic-acid.
    • 1858, William Tully, Materia Medica; Or, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, page 1195:
      It would probably have been considered an important omission if I had not mentioned Water as a substance excreted freely by the renes or kidneys.
    • 1893, Henry Power, Leonard William Sedgwick, The New Sydenham Society's Lexicon of Medicine and the Allied Sciences:
      Renal. Belonging to the ren or kidney.
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Translations
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Etymology 2

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Learned borrowing from Egyptian rn,

r
n		 A2

Noun

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ren (plural rens)

  1. (Egyptian mythology) One’s name, as part of the soul in ancient Egyptian mythology.
    • 1983, Norman Mailer, Ancient Evenings:
      For the Ren did not belong to the man, but came out of the Celestial Waters to enter an infant in the hour of his birth and might not stir again until it was time to go back.

Anagrams

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Albanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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The Tosk (Çamërisht, Arbëreshë/Arvanite) and also Old Albanian form of Standard Albanian re (“cloud, clouds”).

Noun

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ren f

  1. cloud(s)
  2. haze, mist
  3. overcast
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References

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Catalan

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Catalan Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ca

Etymology

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Borrowed from French renne.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ren m (plural rens)

  1. reindeer

Chinese

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Etymology

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Clipping of English render.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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ren

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, computer graphics) to render
    ren片 [Hong Kong Cantonese]  ―  ren pin3-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to render a video

Chuukese

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Preposition

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ren

  1. with (third person singular)

Cimbrian

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Verb

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ren

  1. to speak
  2. to talk

References

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  • Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Danish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /reːˀn/, [ˈʁæˀn]

Etymology 1

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From Old Norse hreinn m, from Proto-Germanic *hrainaz, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, Old English hrān.

Noun

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ren c (singular definite renen, plural indefinite rener)

  1. reindeer
    Synonym: rensdyr
Declension
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Declension of ren
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ren renen rener renerne
genitive rens renens reners renernes
Derived terms
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References

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Etymology 2

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From Old Norse rein f, from Proto-Germanic *rainō, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, German Rain (English rean is from Old Norse).

Noun

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ren c (singular definite renen, plural indefinite rene or rener)

  1. (rare, real estate, agriculture) a strip of unplowed land serving as a boundary between estates
    Synonym: agerren
Declension
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Declension of ren
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ren renen rene
rener 		renene
renerne
genitive rens renens renes
reners 		renenes
renernes
Derived terms
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References

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Etymology 3

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From Old Norse hreinn (“clean”), from Proto-Germanic *hrainiz, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, German rein, Gothic 𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (hrains).

Adjective

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ren (neuter rent, plural and definite singular attributive rene)

  1. clean (without dirt)
  2. pure, mere, sheer(without any added elements)
  3. pure (morally)
Inflection
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Inflection of ren
Positive Comparative Superlative
Indefinte common singular ren renere renest2
Indefinite neuter singular rent renere renest2
Plural rene renere renest2
Definite attributive1 rene renere reneste
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.
Derived terms
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References

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Dutch

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /rɛn/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: ren
  • Rhymes: -ɛn
  • Homophone: Ren

Etymology 1

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From Middle Dutch rinne, renne.

Noun

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ren f (plural rennen, diminutive rennetje n)

  1. a run; an enclosed area where small or mid-sized livestock such as poultry are kept
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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ren

  1. inflection of rennen:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
    3. imperative

Galician

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Etymology

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From Old Galician-Portuguese ren, from Latin rēs nāta, neutral plural of rēs nātum, Latin no things.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ren

  1. (now literary) nothing
    Synonym: nada
    Antonym: todo

References

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Haitian Creole

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Etymology

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From French rein (“kidney”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ren

  1. kidney

Interlingua

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Noun

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ren (plural renes)

  1. kidney

Japanese

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Romanization

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ren

  1. Rōmaji transcription of れん

Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Uncertain. Several etymologies proposed:[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rēn m (genitive rēnis); third declension

  1. (chiefly in the plural) kidney

Declension

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Third-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative rēn rēnēs
Genitive rēnis rēnum
Dative rēnī rēnibus
Accusative rēnem rēnēs
Ablative rēne rēnibus
Vocative rēn rēnēs

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Balkan Romance:
    • Romanian: rână
  • Italo-Romance:
  • North-Italian:
    • Gallo-Italic:
      • Piedmontese: ren
    • Venetan: reno
  • Gallo-Romance:
  • Occitano-Romance:
  • Ibero-Romance:
    • ⇒ Aragonese: renera
    • Old Galician-Portuguese: rẽes f pl (“hips”) (from the plural)
    • Old Galician-Portuguese:
    • Spanish: rene (dated)
  • Sardinian:
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēna
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēnile
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēniō (see there for further descendants)
  • Borrowings:
    • → Gheg Albanian: rrâni
    • → English: ren (learned)
    • → Interlingua: ren

References

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  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “rēnēs, -ium”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 519: “PIt. *rēn-.; PIE *h₂r-ēn, -en- ‘kidney’? *srēn- ‘loins’?”
  2. ^ Mastrelli, Carlo Alberto (1979) “Una nota su lat. rēnēs e gr. ῥάχις”, in Incontri Linguistici, volume 5, pages 37–42
  3. ^ Tocharian and Indo-European Studies, volumes 4-6, (Can we date this quote?)
  4. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “arañce”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 23
  5. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*āron-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 42

Further reading

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  • “ren”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ren”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • ren in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • ren in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Mandarin

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Romanization

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ren

  1. Nonstandard spelling of rén.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of rěn.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of rèn.

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Manx

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Verb

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ren

  1. past of jean

Middle English

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Noun

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ren

  1. Alternative form of reyn (“rain”)

Norwegian Bokmål

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Norse hreinn.

Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /reːn/, [ɾeːn]

Adjective

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ren (neuter singular rent, definite singular and plural rene, comparative renere, indefinite superlative renest, definite superlative reneste)

  1. clean
  2. pure

Antonyms

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Derived terms

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References

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Occitan

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Etymology 1

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from Latin rēnes < rēn, from Proto-Italic *hrēn, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“an internal part of the body”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ren m (plural rens)

  1. (anatomy) kidney
Synonyms
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Dialectal variants

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Etymology 2

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From Latin rem, accusative of rēs (“thing”). Compare Catalan res (“nothing”), French rien (“nothing”).

Pronoun

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ren

  1. (Provençal, Limousin) nothing

Dialectal variants

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Old English

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Noun

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rēn m

  1. Alternative form of reġn

Piedmontese

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ren m

  1. kidney

Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl
ren

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from North Germanic. Compare Norwegian Bokmål rein, Swedish ren.

Noun

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ren m animal (female equivalent reniferzyca)

  1. caribou, reindeer (Arctic and Subarctic-dwelling deer)
    Synonyms: karibu, renifer, renifer tundrowy
Declension
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Declension of ren
singular plural
nominative ren reny
genitive rena renów
dative renowi renom
accusative rena reny
instrumental renem renami
locative renie renach
vocative renie reny
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adjective
noun

Etymology 2

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Learned borrowing from Latin rhenium.

Noun

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Chemical element
Re
Previous: wolfram (W)
Next: osm (Os)

ren m inan

  1. rhenium
Declension
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Declension of ren
singular
nominative ren
genitive renu
dative renowi
accusative ren
instrumental renem
locative renie
vocative renie

Further reading

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  • ren in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ren in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

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Romanian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ro
Un ren

Etymology

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Borrowed from French renne, from Swedish ren, from Old Norse hreinn.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ren m (plural reni)

  1. reindeer

Declension

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Declension of ren
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) ren renul (niște) reni renii
genitive/dative (unui) ren renului (unor) reni renilor
vocative renule renilor

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rȅn m (Cyrillic spelling ре̏н)

  1. horseradish

Declension

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Declension of ren
singular
nominative rȅn
genitive rèna
dative renu
accusative ren
vocative rene
locative renu
instrumental renom

Swedish

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Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse hreinn (noun).

Noun

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ren c

  1. reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
    • 1949, “Rudolf med röda mulen [Rudolf with the red nose]”, Eric Sandström (lyrics), Johnny Marks (music)‎[1]:
      Rudolf med röda mulen, hette en helt vanlig ren, som blivit kall om mulen, därav kom dess röda sken. Rudolf fick alltid höra: "Se, han har sitt dimljus på!" Att han blev led åt detta, är en sak man kan förstå. Men en mörk julaftonskväll, tomtefar han sa: "Vill du inte Rudolf, säg, med din mule lysa mig?" Allt sen den dagen renen, tomtens egen släde drar. Rudolf med röda mulen, lyser väg åt tomtefar.
      Rudolf with the red nose, was the name of a [completely] ordinary reindeer, who had gotten a cold nose [had become cold about/around the nose], thence [thereof] came its red glow. Rudolf always got to hear: "Look, he has his fog light on!" That he got tired of this, is something one can understand. But one dark Christmas Eve night, Santa Claus, he said: "Don't you want to, Rudolf, say, with your nose, light my way [light me]?" Ever since that day the reindeer, Santa's own sleigh pulls. Rudolf with the red nose, lights Santa Claus's way [lights way for Santa Claus].
  2. (chiefly in compounds) a strip of land around an edge (of a road or field or the like)
Declension
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Declension of ren
nominative genitive
singular indefinite ren rens
definite renen renens
plural indefinite renar renars
definite renarna renarnas
Hyponyms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Old Norse hreinn (“clean”), from Proto-Germanic *hrainiz.

Adjective

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ren (comparative renare, superlative renast)

  1. clean (not dirty)
    En tvättmaskin gör kläder rena
    A washing machine makes clothes clean
    Jag har städat stugan, så nu är det rent och fint där inne
    I've cleaned the cabin, so now it's nice and clean in there
  2. pure
    rent guld
    pure gold
    en ren lögn
    a pure lie
    ren idioti
    pure idiocy
    1. straight (without anything added)
      dricka vodka rent
      drink vodka straight
Declension
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Inflection of ren
Indefinite Positive Comparative Superlative2
Common singular ren renare renast
Neuter singular rent renare renast
Plural rena renare renast
Masculine plural3 rene renare renast
Definite Positive Comparative Superlative
Masculine singular1 rene renare renaste
All rena renare renaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
3) Dated or archaic
Antonyms
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Derived terms
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References

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Anagrams

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Tok Pisin

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Etymology

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From English rain.

Noun

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ren

  1. rain
    • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:5:
      ...i no gat diwai na gras samting i kamap long graun yet, long wanem, em i no salim ren i kam daun yet. Na i no gat man bilong wokim gaden.
      →New International Version translation

Vietnamese

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ren • (蓮, 𨕡)

  1. threading

Verb

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ren • (蓮, 𨕡)

  1. to thread; lace; weave

Wolof

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Noun

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ren

  1. last year

References

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Omar Ka (2018) Nanu Dégg Wolof, National African Language Resource Center, →ISBN, page 155

Wutunhua

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Etymology

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From Mandarin 人 (rén).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ren

  1. person

References

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  • Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎[2], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN
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