Volvelle

volvelle ma ọ bụ chaatị wiil bụ ụdị chaatị slide, akwụkwọ nwere akụkụ na-agbagharị agbagharị. ^[1] na-ewere ya dị ka ihe atụ mbụ nke Kọmputa analog akwụkwọ. E mepụtara Volvelles iji kwado nhazi na ngụkọta n'ọtụtụ isiokwu dị iche iche. A na-ahụ ihe atụ mbụ nke volvelles na peeji nke akwụkwọ ndị na-enyocha mbara igwe. Enwere ike ịchọta ^[2] na "ụfọdụ akwụkwọ Arabic na ọgwụ ọchị" [1] na onye na-enyocha mbara igwe nke Persian, Abu Rayhan Biruni (ihe dị ka 1000), onye nyere aka dị mkpa na mmepe nke volvelle. ^[3]

Na narị afọ nke iri abụọ, volvelle nwere ọtụtụ ojiji dị iche iche. Na Reinventing Wheel, odee Jessica Helfand weputara volvelles narị afọ nke iri abụọ na nke a: Ndị egwu egwu Led Zeppelin were volvelle na nhazi aka maka album Led Zeppelin III (1970).

Egwuregwu abụọ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ egwuregwu Infocom gụnyere volvelles n'ime ngwugwu ha dị ka "mmetụta": Sorcerer (1983) na A Mind Forever Voyaging (1985). Vollles abụọ ahụ gbochiri ibigharị egwuregwu ahụ n'ihi na ha nwere ozi dị mkpa iji kpọọ egwuregwu ahụ.

Hụkwa

E6B
Ramon Llull
Pop-up book
Slide chart
Zairja

Edensibia

↑ Nick Kanas. "VOLVELLES! Early Paper Astronomical Computers". Mercury (March–April 2005). Retrieved on 2009-10-13.
↑ Bryan S. Turner (March 1987). "State, Science and Economy in Traditional Societies: Some Problems in Weberian Sociology of Science". British Journal of Sociology 38 (1): 1–23 [12]. DOI:10.2307/590576.
↑ David Kahn (March 1980). "On the Origin of Polyalphabetic Substitution". Isis 71 (1): 122–127 [126]. DOI:10.1086/352410.

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

[Ihe e dere n'<i id="mwgQ">Anya</i> ala peeji] Nke 41, Mpịakọta. 11, nke John L. Walters dezigharịrị, Quantum Publishing, Autumn 2001.
Lindberg, Sten G. "Mobiles in Books: Volvelles, Inserts, Pyramids, Divinations, and Children's Games". The Private Library, 3rd series 2.2 (1979): 49.
Ihe ngosi nke volvelles na Grolier Club nke New York.New Volvelle Exhibit in NYC. robertsabuda.com (2004). Archived from the original on 2010-01-14.
Crupi (2019). "Volvelles of knowledge. Origin and development of an instrument of scientific imagination (13th-17th centuries)". JLIS.it 10 (2). DOI:10.4403/jlis.it-12534. Retrieved on 2019-05-28.

[1] Nick Kanas. "VOLVELLES! Early Paper Astronomical Computers". Mercury (March–April 2005). Retrieved on 2009-10-13.

[2] Bryan S. Turner (March 1987). "State, Science and Economy in Traditional Societies: Some Problems in Weberian Sociology of Science". British Journal of Sociology 38 (1): 1–23 [12]. DOI:10.2307/590576.

[3] David Kahn (March 1980). "On the Origin of Polyalphabetic Substitution". Isis 71 (1): 122–127 [126]. DOI:10.1086/352410.

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