ręka

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "reka"

Old Polish

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rǫka. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /ræ̃ka/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ræ̃ka/

Noun

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ręka f (diminutive rączka)

  1. arm; hand (upper limb)
  2. hand (person's action)
  3. arms; possession; power; care, supervision
  4. hand; control
  5. surety (securing the obligation, execution of the sentence, bringing the accused to court)
  6. measure of honey containing six to fifteen gallons

Derived terms

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adjectives
adverbs
nouns
verbs
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adjectives
adverb
nouns
verbs

Descendants

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  • Polish: ręka
  • Silesian: rynka

References

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  • Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “ręka”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
  • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “ręka”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “ręka”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

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Inherited from Old Polish ręka.

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛŋka
  • Syllabification: rę‧ka

Noun

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ręka f (diminutive rączka, augmentative rączysko)

  1. (anatomy) upper limb
    1. arm
      Synonym: ramię
    2. hand
      Synonyms: łapa, łapina
  2. (soccer) handball (offence of a player other than the goalkeeper touching the ball with the hand or arm on the field during play)
  3. hand (person that can perform a task, usually one requiring the hands)
  4. hand (person or institution that has the authority or competence or the ability to decide in an issue)
  5. (literary) hand (right to marriage)
  6. (obsolete) style of writing
  7. (obsolete) parcel of land
    Synonym: działka
  8. (obsolete) side (one half (especially left or right) of something or someone)
    Synonym: strona

Usage notes

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The locative plural form ręku (historically a locative dual form) may be used for a single hand/arm or the hands/arms of a single person, and is used chiefly directly after w and na, and it is proscribed to use any sort of adjective etc. between the preposition and the noun. This form may be considered slightly more higher register.

Declension

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Declension of ręka
singular plural
nominative ręka ręce
genitive ręki rąk
dative ręce rękom
accusative rękę ręce
instrumental ręką rękami/rękoma
locative ręce rękach/ręku
vocative ręko ręce

Derived terms

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adjectives
adverbs
interjections
nouns
phrases
prepositions
verbs
verbs
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nouns

Trivia

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According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), ręka is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 38 times in scientific texts, 15 times in news, 23 times in essays, 184 times in fiction, and 84 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 344 times, making it the 147th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

References

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  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “ręka”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 493

Further reading

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  • ręka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ręka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • ręka in PWN's encyclopedia
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ręka”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • “RĘKA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 02.02.2023
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “ręka”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “ręka”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1912), “ręka”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw, page 530
  • ręka in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
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