fog
English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Origin uncertain; but probably of North Germanic origin. Probably either a back-formation from foggy (“covered with tall grass; thick, marshy”), from the earlier-attested fog (“tall grass”) (see below),[1][2] or from or related to Danish fog (“spray, shower, drift, storm”),[2] related to Icelandic fok (“spray, any light thing tossed by the wind, snowdrift”), Icelandic fjúka (“to blow, drive”), from Proto-Germanic *feukaną (“to whisk, blow”), from Proto-Indo-European *pug- (“billow, bulge, drift”), from *pew-, *pow- (“to blow, drift, billow”), in which case related to German fauchen (“to hiss, spit, spray”).
Noun
[edit]fog (countable and uncountable, plural fogs)
- (uncountable) A thick cloud that forms near the ground; the obscurity of such a cloud.
- 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0016:
- Thus the red damask curtains which now shut out the fog-laden, drizzling atmosphere of the Marylebone Road, had cost a mere song, and yet they might have been warranted to last another thirty years. A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; […].
- 2012 March 19, David Denby, “Everybody Comes to Rick’s: “Casablanca” on the Big Screen”, in The New Yorker[1]:
- Wallis and Curtiz eventually agreed to shoot Howard Koch’s preferred ending, with distraught Ilse[sic], still in love with Rick, going off with Laszlo to America, and Rick and Louis going off together into the fog. (In Morocco? Fog? Never mind.)
- (uncountable) A mist or film clouding a surface.
- Synonym: steam
- (figurative) A state of mind characterized by lethargy and confusion.
- Synonyms: daze, haze
- He did so many drugs, he was still in a fog three months after going through detox.
- 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter IV, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:
- I was on my way to the door, but all at once, through the fog in my head, I began to sight one reef that I hadn't paid any attention to afore.
- (photography) A silver deposit or other blur on a negative or developed photographic image.
- (computer graphics) Distance fog.
Usage notes
[edit]- To count the sense thick cloud, "bank of fog" is usually used.
- To count the sense clouding a surface, "foggy patch" is usually used.
Hypernyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- advection fog
- brain fog
- cog fog
- dry fog
- fever fog
- fog bank, fogbank
- fogbell/fog bell
- fogbound
- fog bow
- fog collection
- fog collector
- fog drip
- fogfall
- fog fluid
- fog forest
- foggy
- foghorn
- fog horn
- fog juice
- fog lamp
- fog layer
- fog light
- fog line
- fog machine
- fogman
- fog of war
- fog oil
- fog signal
- fog tsunami
- ground fog
- Gunning fog index
- in a fog
- knit fog
- pea soup fog
- peasoup fog
- pea-soup fog
- plait fog
- radiation fog
- smog
- vog
Translations
[edit]
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb
[edit]fog (third-person singular simple present fogs, present participle fogging, simple past and past participle fogged)
- (intransitive) To become covered with or as if with fog.
- (intransitive) To become obscured in condensation or water.
- (intransitive, photography) To become dim or obscure.
- (transitive, photography) To make dim or obscure.
- (transitive, photography) To spoil (film) via exposure to light other than in the normal process of taking a photograph.
- (transitive) To cover with or as if with fog.
- 1968, Eighth Annual Report, Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg, page 7:
- Fogging for adult mosquito control began on June 4th in residential areas. Until September 25th, the Metro area was fogged eleven times, using nine truck-mounted foggers, eight hand swing foggers, and two boats.
- (transitive) To disperse insecticide into (a forest canopy) so as to collect organisms.
- (transitive) To obscure in condensation or water.
- 2008, United States Congress, House Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on Housing and Community Opportunity - Foreclosure, Foreclosure Prevention and Intervention: The Importance of Loss Mitigation, page 46:
- Unfortunately, the pendulum has swung way too far to the other end where the saying in the industry is is[sic] that if you could fog a mirror, you could get a loan.
- (transitive) To make confusing or obscure.
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]
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Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle English fogge (“tall grass”), probably from Norwegian fogg (“tall, worthless grass”); compare Scots fog (“moss; lichen”).
Noun
[edit]fog (uncountable)
- A new growth of grass appearing on a field that has been mowed or grazed.
- Synonyms: aftergrass, aftermath, eddish
- 1800, John Lawrenece, The New Farmer's Calendar; Or, Monthly Remembrancer, for All Kinds of Country Business: Comprehending All the Material Improvements in the New Husbandry ... By a Farmer and Breeder [i.e. J. Lawrence]., page 114:
- The inclosures of fog, or aftergrass, reserved for spring-feed, are now supposed to be shut up, also the burnet, which is never to be fed in autumn ...
- (UK, dialect) Tall and decaying grass left standing after the cutting or grazing season.
- Synonym: foggage
- 1744, William Agric Ellis, The Modern Husbandman, page 104:
- […] and they generally leave a great deal of Fog to rot on the Ground, which, with the Help of his well turned Dung-hill, dress his Ground […]
- (Scotland) Moss.
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]
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Verb
[edit]fog (third-person singular simple present fogs, present participle fogging, simple past and past participle fogged)
- (transitive) To pasture cattle on the fog (of), or aftergrass, of; to eat off the fog from (a field).
- (intransitive) To become covered with the kind of grass called fog.
Etymology 3
[edit]Compare Old Dutch focker.
Verb
[edit]fog (third-person singular simple present fogs, present participle fogging, simple past and past participle fogged)
- (intransitive, obsolete) To practice in a small or mean way; to pettifog.
- a. 1701 (date written), John Dryden, “The Counter Scuffle”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volumes (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC:
- Where wouldst thou fog to get a fee?
References
[edit]- ^ “fog”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “fog”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
- “fog”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- “fog”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
Anagrams
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Ugric *puŋɜ- (“to grasp, to catch”). Cognates include Northern Mansi пувуӈкве (puvuňkve).[1][2]
Verb
[edit]fog
- (transitive) to hold (to keep in one’s hands)
- 1983, Mihály Padisák, chapter I, in Gyalog Juli[2]:
- Valaki ült is mellette, fogta a kezét, de az arcát valahogy nem látta.
- Somebody was sitting next to her, held her hand, but somehow she couldn’t see his face.
- (transitive) to take (to get into one’s hands)
- (transitive) to catch, to capture (to seize by force, especially to grab or trap an animal)
- 1969, “Történetek a ravasz nyulacskáról”, in Tekla Dömötör, editor, A mesemondó szikla[3]:
- Mikor eljött az ebédidő, medve koma úgy látta, hogy elég halat fogott, s elhatározta, hogy hazamegy.
- When lunchtime came, uncle bear found that he had caught enough fish and decided to go home.
- (transitive, broadcasting) to receive (to detect a signal from a transmitter)
- 1996, István Kamarás, István Péter Németh, “Világverseny a berekben”, in Origósdi[4]:
- Egyébként egészen jól lehetett fogni az adást.
- As a matter of fact, I received the broadcast quite clearly.
- 2010, Andrea Tompa, A hóhér háza, 2nd edition, Budapest: Libri Kiadó, published 2015, →ISBN, page 5:
- […] azóta minden este otthon a régi VEF-en a Kossuthot próbálták fogni – a határokat már lezárták, kívülről nem jöhetett segítség –, így amint meghallotta az egyre ütemesebb és összehangoltabb utcai kiabálást, tudta, hogy ez már nem afféle tét nélküli kóruspróba […]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (transitive, by extension, slang) to listen to, to hear, to understand (to pay attention to someone)
- 2007, Csilla Tóth, chapter 4, in Körbe ég[5]:
- Fogod, amit mondok? Észnél vagy?
- Do you hear what I’m sayin’? Are you out of your mind?
- (transitive, intransitive followed by rajta) to affect, to harm (to have an effect on, especially detrimentally)
- 1971, Ervin Lázár, chapter 3, in A fehér tigris[6]:
- Valaki azt is mondta, hogy le akarták lőni, de nem fogja a golyó.
- Someone even said that they had wanted to shoot it, but bullets wouldn’t harm it.
- (intransitive) to write (of a pen or other writing instrument, to leave a mark)
- 2009, Attila Salga, “A félresikerült randi”, in Mi lenne velem nélkülem?[7]:
- Olyan furcsa volt, ahogyan felírta a rendelést: nem fogott a tolla, és elkezdte rázni.
- It was strange, the way she took the order: her pen wouldn’t write, and she started shaking it.
- (transitive) to cut (of a tool: to exert its effect on the material used in performing a task)
- A kést akkor kell megélezni, amikor már nem fog úgy, mint azelőtt.
- The knife should be sharpened when it no longer cuts like it did before.
- Az eke jól fogja a földet.
- The plow cuts/grips the ground well.
- (intransitive) to transfer (of ink or dye, to leave a stain upon contact)
- 1980, Károly Gombos, “Régi kaukázusi azerbajdzsán szőnyegek”, in Művészettörténeti Értesítő[8], volume 29, number 1:
- A rossz festékekkel megfestett újabb szőnyegeken a kék színek fognak, mosás közben kék színt eresztenek [...]
- In newer carpets dyed with poor dyes, the blue colors transfer, they bleed blue color when being washed [...]
- (transitive, ball games) to mark (to follow a player not in possession of the ball when defending)
- 1960, György Cseuz, “Csak a Csepel Autó nyert”, in Pest Megyei Hírlap[9], volume 4, number 139:
- Csikós I nem fogta a balösszekötőt, az kiugrott és gólt lőtt.
- Csikós I didn’t mark the inside left, who sprang forward and scored a goal.
- (auxiliary, with an infinitive, only in present indicative) will, going to (used to form the future tense)
- 1924, Margarete Böhme, translated by Elza Pogány, Egy mozgalmas élet története[10]:
- Most azonban jó lesz sietve hazamenni, mert mindjárt esni fog.
- But now we’d better go home quickly, because it’s going to rain soon.
- (reflexively, as fogja magát, with definite conjugation) to up and (to do something abruptly or unexpectedly)
- 2004, Csaba Fecske, “A rokonok”, in Csalapinta villanytörpék[11]:
- Fogta magát és szó nélkül berohant a szobájába.
- He just up and ran off into his room without a word.
Conjugation
[edit]Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | fogok | fogsz | fog | fogunk | fogtok | fognak | |
Def. | fogom | fogod | fogja | fogjuk | fogjátok | fogják | |||
2nd-p. o. | foglak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | fogtam | fogtál | fogott | fogtunk | fogtatok | fogtak | ||
Def. | fogtam | fogtad | fogta | fogtuk | fogtátok | fogták | |||
2nd-p. o. | fogtalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. fogni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | fogék | fogál | foga | fogánk | fogátok | fogának | ||
Def. | fogám | fogád | fogá | fogánk | fogátok | fogák | |||
2nd-p. o. | fogálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. fog vala, fogott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | fogandok | fogandasz | fogand | fogandunk | fogandotok | fogandanak | ||
Def. | fogandom | fogandod | fogandja | fogandjuk | fogandjátok | fogandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | fogandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | fognék | fognál | fogna | fognánk | fognátok | fognának | |
Def. | fognám | fognád | fogná | fognánk (or fognók) |
fognátok | fognák | |||
2nd-p. o. | fognálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. fogott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | fogjak | fogj or fogjál |
fogjon | fogjunk | fogjatok | fogjanak | |
Def. | fogjam | fogd or fogjad |
fogja | fogjuk | fogjátok | fogják | |||
2nd-p. o. | fogjalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. fogott légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | fogni | fognom | fognod | fognia | fognunk | fognotok | fogniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
fogás | fogó | fogott | fogandó | fogva (fogván) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | foghatok | foghatsz | foghat | foghatunk | foghattok | foghatnak | |
Def. | foghatom | foghatod | foghatja | foghatjuk | foghatjátok | foghatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | foghatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | foghattam | foghattál | foghatott | foghattunk | foghattatok | foghattak | ||
Def. | foghattam | foghattad | foghatta | foghattuk | foghattátok | foghatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | foghattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | foghaték | foghatál | foghata | foghatánk | foghatátok | foghatának | ||
Def. | foghatám | foghatád | foghatá | foghatánk | foghatátok | foghaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | foghatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. foghat vala, foghatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | foghatandok or fogandhatok |
foghatandasz or fogandhatsz |
foghatand or fogandhat |
foghatandunk or fogandhatunk |
foghatandotok or fogandhattok |
foghatandanak or fogandhatnak | ||
Def. | foghatandom or fogandhatom |
foghatandod or fogandhatod |
foghatandja or fogandhatja |
foghatandjuk or fogandhatjuk |
foghatandjátok or fogandhatjátok |
foghatandják or fogandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | foghatandalak or fogandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | foghatnék | foghatnál | foghatna | foghatnánk | foghatnátok | foghatnának | |
Def. | foghatnám | foghatnád | foghatná | foghatnánk (or foghatnók) |
foghatnátok | foghatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | foghatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. foghatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | foghassak | foghass or foghassál |
foghasson | foghassunk | foghassatok | foghassanak | |
Def. | foghassam | foghasd or foghassad |
foghassa | foghassuk | foghassátok | foghassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | foghassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. foghatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (foghatni) | (foghatnom) | (foghatnod) | (foghatnia) | (foghatnunk) | (foghatnotok) | (foghatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | fogható | Neg. adj. | foghatatlan | Adv. part. | (foghatva / foghatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Uralic *piŋe. Cognates include Northern Mansi пуӈк (puňk), Erzya пей (pej), Finnish pii.
Noun
[edit]fog (plural fogak)
- (anatomy) tooth
- Ez a fog lyukas. ― This tooth has a cavity.
- tooth, cog
- Egy átlagos hegyikerékpár hátsó fogaskerekein rendre 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 24, 34 fog van.
- There are 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 34 teeth on a standard mountain bike's rear sprockets.
- tooth (a sharp projection on a saw or similar implement)
- A fűrész egyik foga hiányzik. ― One of the saw’s teeth is missing.
Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | fog | fogak |
accusative | fogat | fogakat |
dative | fognak | fogaknak |
instrumental | foggal | fogakkal |
causal-final | fogért | fogakért |
translative | foggá | fogakká |
terminative | fogig | fogakig |
essive-formal | fogként | fogakként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | fogban | fogakban |
superessive | fogon | fogakon |
adessive | fognál | fogaknál |
illative | fogba | fogakba |
sublative | fogra | fogakra |
allative | foghoz | fogakhoz |
elative | fogból | fogakból |
delative | fogról | fogakról |
ablative | fogtól | fogaktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
fogé | fogaké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
fogéi | fogakéi |
Possessive forms of fog | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | fogam | fogaim |
2nd person sing. | fogad | fogaid |
3rd person sing. | foga | fogai |
1st person plural | fogunk | fogaink |
2nd person plural | fogatok | fogaitok |
3rd person plural | foguk | fogaik |
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Entry #1830 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ fog in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- (to hold, catch): fog in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (tooth, cog): fog in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Portuguese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
- Hyphenation: fog
Noun
[edit]fog m (plural fogs)
- (clarification of this definition is needed) fog
Swedish
[edit]Noun
[edit]fog n (not commonly inflected)
- Valid cause, valid reason.
- Har han fog för sina anklagelser?
- Are his accusations made on good grounds? / Is he justified in his accusations?
- Hon har fog för sin oro.
- She has reason to be worried.
- (dated) Appropriate manner to proceed.
Derived terms
[edit]Noun
[edit]fog c
- joint, seam
- Fogarna mellan kakelplattorna hade blivit missfärgade med åren.
- The joints between the glazed tiles had become discoloured with the years.
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- English 1-syllable words
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- Rhymes:English/ɒɡ
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- English terms with unknown etymologies
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- en:Fog
- en:Weather
- en:Grasses
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- Rhymes:Hungarian/oɡ
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- hu:Broadcasting
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- hu:Anatomy
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- hu:Teeth
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