蛤

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蛤 U 86E4, 蛤
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-86E4
← 蛣
[U 86E3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 蛥 →
[U 86E5]

Translingual

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Han character

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蛤 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫 6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 中戈人一口 (LIOMR), four-corner 58161, composition ⿰虫合)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1082, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33023
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1550, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2850, character 13
  • Unihan data for U 86E4

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 蛤
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (合) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
龕 *kʰuːm
媕 *quːm, *qromʔ, *qɯːm, *qramʔ, *qɯːb
頜 *ɡuːmʔ, *kuːb
答 *tkuːb
畣 *tkuːb
荅 *tkuːb
嗒 *tuːb, *tʰoːb
褡 *tuːb, *toːb
撘 *tuːb
搭 *tuːb, *tʰoːb
榙 *tkuːb, *ɡuːb
佮 *tkʰuːb, *kuːb, *quːb, *quːb
蛤 *kuːb
鴿 *kuːb
合 *kuːb, *ɡuːb
郃 *kuːb, *ɡuːb
匌 *kuːb, *kʰuːb
鉿 *kuːb
閤 *kuːb
鞈 *kuːb, *kruːb
韐 *kuːb, *kruːb
鮯 *kuːb
哈 *ŋɡuːb
姶 *quːb, *quːb
欱 *qʰuːb, *qʰruːb
盒 *ɡuːb
耠 *ɡuːb
詥 *ɡuːb
塔 *tʰuːb
鞳 *tʰoːb
劄 *rtuːb
跲 *kruːb, *kob, *ɡob
袷 *kruːb, *ŋkob
餄 *kruːb
恰 *kʰruːb
帢 *kʰruːb
洽 *ɡruːb
祫 *ɡruːb
珨 *ɡruːb
烚 *ɡruːb
歙 *qʰjob, *qʰrub
湁 *tkʰub
拾 *ɡjub
給 *krub
翕 *qʰrub
噏 *qʰrub
潝 *qʰrub
熻 *qʰrub
嬆 *qʰrub
翖 *qʰrub
闟 *qʰrub

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːb) : semantic 虫 phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb).

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 蛤
alternative forms 𧊧

Cognate with 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to be together”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 蛤
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 合 (160)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古沓切
Baxter kop
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʌp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kəp̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɒp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəp̚/
Li
Rong 		/kᴀp̚/
Wang
Li 		/kɒp̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kăp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ge
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gap3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 蛤
Reading # 1/1
No. 4953
Phonetic
component 		合
Rime
group 		緝
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		閤
Old
Chinese 		/*kuːb/

Definitions

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蛤

  1. clam

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
 蛤
alternative forms 蝦／虾

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 蛤 (蛤蟆)
Mandarin Beijing /xa³⁵/
Harbin /xa²⁴/
Tianjin /xɑ⁴⁵/
Jinan /xa⁴²/
Qingdao /xa⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xɛ⁴²/
Xi'an /xɯ²⁴/
Xining /ɕia⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /xa⁵³/
Lanzhou /xə⁵³/
Ürümqi /xɤ⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɕia⁵⁵/
Chengdu /xa⁵⁵/
/ɕia⁵⁵/
Guiyang /xa⁵⁵/
Kunming /xə³¹/
Nanjing /ɕiɑ²⁴/
Hefei /xa⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao
Hohhot /xaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ho³⁴/
Suzhou /ho⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕiɑ³³/
Wenzhou /ɦo³¹/
Hui Shexian /kʰa⁴⁴/
Tunxi /kau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha
Xiangtan /ɦɒ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /hɑ²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /ha¹¹/
Taoyuan /hɑ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ha⁵⁵/
Nanning /ha²¹/
Hong Kong /ha⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ha³⁵/
/he³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ha⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xa³³/
Shantou (Teochew)
Haikou (Hainanese) /ha³¹/

Definitions

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蛤

  1. Only used in 蛤蟆 (háma); also used as its short form. frog; toad
  2. (Mainland China, Internet slang) Nickname of Jiang Zemin in Moha culture.
  3. (Mainland China, Internet slang) Alternative form of 哈 (“ha; huh”) (especially used in Moha culture.)

Derived terms

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Etymology 3

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From Hokkien 哈 (hâⁿ) or 唅 (hahⁿ).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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蛤

  1. (Taiwan, chiefly Internet) Used to indicate doubt or questioning. what?, huh?, eh
    蛤？你說什麼？ [MSC, trad.]
    蛤？你说什么？ [MSC, simp.]
    Há? Nǐ shuō shénme? [Pinyin]
    Huh, what did you say?

Synonyms

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  • 啊 (á), (Cantonese) 吓 (haa2)

Etymology 4

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Compare Proto-Tai *kɤpᴰ (“frog”), whence Thai กบ (gòp), Lao ກົບ (kop), Zhuang goep, Shan ၵူပ်း (kúup), Ahom 𑜀𑜤𑜆𑜫 (kup).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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蛤

  1. (dialectal) frog
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 青蛙 (“frog”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 蛙, 田父
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 青蛙
Taxonomic name 蛙
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 蛤蟆, 田雞
Taiwan 青蛙, 田雞
Langfang 蛤蟆
Chengde 蛤蟆
Chifeng 青蛙, 蛤蟆
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 蛤蟆
Heihe 青蛙, 蛤蟆
Qiqihar 青蛙, 蛤蟆
Harbin 蛤蟆, 青蛙, 青乖子
Wuchang (Yingchengzi) 蛤蟆
Jiamusi 青蛙, 青乖子
Baicheng 青蛙, 蛤蟆
Changchun 蛤蟆
Tonghua 蛤蟆
Shenyang 蛤蟆, 青蛙, 青乖子, 田雞
Jinzhou 青蛙, 蛤蟆, 青罐兒
Malaysia 青蛙
Singapore 青蛙, 田雞 as food
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 蛤蟆
Tangshan 蛤蟆, 青蛙
Cangzhou 蛤蟆
Xianxian (Xiaoying) 蛤蟆
Baoding 田雞
Shijiazhuang 蛤蟆
Lijin 蛤蟆
Jinan 蛤蟆, 田雞
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dandong 青蛙, 青蛙子, 蛤蟆
Yantai 青崴子
Yantai (Muping) 蚧巴子, 張拉崴子, 張崴子
Qingdao 青崴, 崴子
Zhucheng 歪子
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 蛤蟆
Lingbao 蛤蟆
Jining 蛤蟆, 水雞兒
Daming 蛤蟆
Wanrong 水雞子
Linfen 蛤蟆, 田雞, 水雞兒
Shangqiu 青蛙, 蛤蟆, 水雞
Yuanyang 青蛙, 蛤蟆
Zhengzhou 蛤蟆
Xinyang 蛤蟆
Baihe 青蛙, 蛤蟆
Xi'an 蛤蟆, 青蛙, 田雞
Baoji 青蛙
Tianshui 青雞
Xining 青蛙
Xuzhou 青蛙, 田雞, 蛤蟆, 水雞兒
Fuyang 青蛙, 蛤蟆
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 懶呱子
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 田畝雞, 青蛙
Lanzhou 青蛙, 金蛤蟆, 長腿癩蛤蟆
Dunhuang 青蛙
Hami 癩呱呱
Ürümqi 青蛙, 蛤蟆
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 蜞蟆兒, 青蜞蟆兒, 青蛙, 田雞
Nanchong 青蛙, 田雞
Dazhou 蛤蟆兒
Hanyuan 青瘸蟆
Xichang 青蛙
Zigong 青蛙, 蛤蟆兒
Chongqing 瘸滾兒
Wuhan 蛤蟆, 綠蛤蟆, 田雞, 青蛙
Yichang 青蛙, 田雞, 蛤蟆
Xiangyang 蛤蟆
Tianmen 青蛙, 蛤蟆
Guiyang 青蛙, 田雞, 蛤蟆, 石蚌
Zunyi 蛤蟆
Bijie 蛤蟆, 青蛤蟆
Liping 蛤蟆, 青皮蛤蟆
Zhaotong 青蛙, 田雞, 石蚌
Dali 青蛙, 田雞, 青雞
Kunming 青蛙, 田雞
Mengzi 青蛙
Guilin 蟆𧊅
Guanyang 蟆𧊅
Lipu 屎𧊅
Pingle 蟆𧊅, 田雞
Yangshuo 蟆𧊅
Liuzhou 蟆𧊅
Luzhai 蟆𧊅, 田雞
Nanning (Wuming) 蟆𧊅, 青蛙
Binyang (Nanjie) 蟆𧊅
Hechi (Yizhou) 青蛙, 蟆𧊅 big, 田雞 big, 蟆𧊅崽 small
Luocheng (Dongmen) 蟆𧊅
Xiangzhou (Nalu) 蟆𧊅
Jishou 青蛤蟆
Changde 蛤蟆, 田雞
Hanzhong 青蛙
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 田雞, 水雞, 蛤蟆, 青蛙
Yangzhou 田雞子, 田雞, 水雞子
Lianyungang 田雞子, 田雞, 蛙子
Lianshui 青蛙子
Nantong 田雞
Anqing 蛤蟆, 水雞兒
Wuhu 蛤蟆, 田雞
Hefei 蛤蟆, 田雞, 青蛙
Chuzhou 田雞
Hong'an 蛤蟆, 水雞
Cantonese Guangzhou 青蛙, 田雞, 蛤乸, 蛤𧊅
Hong Kong 青蛙, 田雞, 蛤乸, 蛤𧊅
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 蛤𧊅, 蛤乸
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 蛤
Macau 田雞
Guangzhou (Panyu) 田雞
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 蛤乸
Guangzhou (Conghua) 蛤乸
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 田雞
Foshan 青蛙, 田雞
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 雙養
Foshan (Shunde) 田雞
Foshan (Sanshui) 蛤乸
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 蛤乸
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 田雞
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 田雞
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 田雞
Zhuhai (Doumen) 田雞
Jiangmen (Baisha) 蛤
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 田雞, 蛤
Taishan 田雞, 蛤𧊅
Kaiping (Chikan) 田雞
Enping (Niujiang) 田雞
Heshan (Yayao) 田雞
Dongguan 蛤, 田雞
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 蛤
Yangjiang 蛤, 田雞
Xinyi 蛤乸, 蛤𧊅
Nanning 蛤乸
Beihai 田雞, 蛤乸
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 田雞, 蛤乸
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 田雞, 蛤乸
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 田雞, 蛤乸
Danzhou 蛤
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 田雞, 青蛙
Singapore (Guangfu) 田雞
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 田雞
Móng Cái 田雞, 千里馬
Gan Nanchang 蛤蟆, 田雞, 老蛤
Lichuan 蛤蟆
Pingxiang 鬼蛤蟆
Hakka Meixian 𧊅仔, 田雞, 蛤蟆
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 田雞
Dongguan (Qingxi) 蚧嫲
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 蛤蟆
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 蛤蟆, 田雞
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 蛤蟆
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 蛤蟆
Changting 蛤蟆
Yudu 𧊅
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 𧊅仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 𧊅仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 𧊅仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 𧊅
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 𧊅仔
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 𧊅子
Hong Kong 蛤蟆
Yangshuo (Jinbao) 蟆𧊅
Sabah (Longchuan) 蛤蟆, 𧊅哩, 蛤𧊅
Senai (Huiyang) 𧊅仔
Singkawang 𧊅
Huizhou Jixi 水雞, 田雞, 蛤蟆
Shexian 蛤蟆, 田雞
Jin Taiyuan 蛤蟆
Yangyuan 青蛙, 蛤蟆, 青疥
Datong 蛤蟆
Xinzhou 蛤蟆
Lüliang (Lishi) 蛤蟆
Changzhi 蛤蟆
Linhe 青蛙
Jining 蛤蟆
Hohhot 蛤蟆, 青蛙
Erenhot 蛤蟆
Pingshan 蛤蟆
Zhangjiakou 蛤蟆, 青蛙
Handan 蛤蟆, 青蛙
Linzhou 青幫
Suide 蛤蟆
Northern Min Jian'ou 田狗, 水雞
Eastern Min Fuzhou 青蛤, 黃䱝, 水雞
Fuqing 青蛤, 黃䱝, 水雞
Matsu 黃䱝
Southern Min Xiamen 田蛤仔, 水雞
Xiamen (Tong'an) 水雞
Quanzhou 埯魅坸仔, 水雞
Yongchun 水雞
Zhangzhou 田蛤仔, 水雞
Taipei 大肚仔魚, 水雞, 田蛤仔, 杜蝛仔
New Taipei (Sanxia) 水雞, 田蛤仔, 肚蛙
Kaohsiung 水雞, 四跤仔, 田蛤仔
Yilan 水雞, 蛤仔
Changhua (Lukang) 水雞, 田蛤仔
Taichung 水雞
Tainan 水雞, 四跤魚, 田蛤仔, 田僑
Hsinchu 水雞
Kinmen 水雞
Penghu (Magong) 水雞
Penang (Hokkien) 水雞
Singapore (Hokkien) 水雞, 蛤婆, 田蛤仔
Manila (Hokkien) 水雞, 田蛤仔
Guilin (Biyange) 青老蛙
Chaozhou 蛤虯, 水雞
Raoping 水雞
Shantou 水雞, 蛤虯 small
Jieyang 水雞, 蛤虯 small
Haifeng 蛤蛄, 蛤虯
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 蛤虯
Leizhou 田雞, 蛤
Wenchang 蛤, 田雞
Haikou 蛤, 田雞, 螻蛤
Puxian Min Putian 洋乜, 水雞
Xianyou 洋乜, 水雞
Central Min Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 田狗
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 黃蛤, 青蛙
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 田雞
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 蛤, 田雞
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 蛤蟆
Wu Shanghai 田雞, 青蛙
Shanghai (Chongming) 田雞
Suzhou 田雞, 青蛙
Danyang 田雞, 青蛙
Hangzhou 田雞
Ningbo 癩斯, 青蛙癩斯, 田雞, 水雞
Wenzhou 蛤蟆, 蛤蟆牯, 田雞
Jinhua 田雞, 蟥蟆
Jinhua (Tangxi) 田雞, 蛤蟆
Xiang Changsha 蛤蟆, 蛤蟆子, 蟆𧊅, 水雞
Loudi 蟆𧊅, 蟆𧊅子
Shuangfeng 蟆𧊅子
Quanzhou 蟆𧊅

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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蛤

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. clam

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
蛤
はまぐり
Hyōgai
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
文蛤
蚌
 ハマグリ on Japanese Wikipedia
蛤 (hamaguri): a clam.

First atttested in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934:[1]

  • 蚌蛤 兼名苑云蚌蛤〈放甲二音蚌或作蜯 和名 波末久利〉一名含漿
    Clam (蚌蛤). The Garden of Assembled Names gives 蚌蛤. (Alternative Chinese character readings include 蚌 (bàng) and 蜯 (bàng). The Japanese name is called famaguri) This singular name is used in grain soups.

Compound of 浜 (hama, “beach”) ‎ 栗 (kuri, “chestnut”).[1][2][3] The kuri changes to guri as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Sense "inconsistency": from the reversal of the compound elements, forming ぐりはま (gurihama), etc.[1]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References: [1]

Noun

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蛤(はまぐり) or 蛤(ハマグリ) • (hamaguri) 

  1. [from 934] a clam, Meretrix lusoria
    • 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki:
      [4]
      Famaguri. ハマグリ (蛤) 蛤.
      Famaguri - Clam.
    • 1888, 庖丁鹽梅‎[3], page 99:
      〔五(ご)十(じゅう)九(きゅう)〕蛤(はまぐり)いも　　生(なま)にておろし蒸(むし)て蛤(はまぐり)の肉(み)の貌(かたち)に造(つく)りはまぐり殻(から)の中(なか)へいれ豆(ほう)油(ゆ)少(すこ)しさして貝(かい)共(とも)に焼(やい)ていたす
      〔gojūkyū〕hamaguri imo nama nite oroshi mushite hamaguri no mi no katachi ni tsukuri hamaguri kara no naka e ire hōyu sukoshi sashite kai tomoni yaiteitasu
      (509) Clam potatoes. Place it down raw, then boil it the meat contents of the clam; then put in the contents of the clam shell; stick in soybean sauce; then grill the molluscs together.
  2. [from late Heian] the shell of a clam
  3. [from 1770] an inconsistency
  4. [from c. 1743] a pussy; a vulva (especially of a young woman)
    Synonym: 女陰 (jo'in)
  5. [from 1931] a geisha becoming a single one after deflowering
  6. [unspecified] a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) consisting of a clam-shaped butterfly, three clams in a circle, five clams, etc.
  7. [from 1500 (?)] Abbreviation of 蛤刃 (hamaguriba, “a sharp but curved blade”).
  8. [unspecified] a 鷺流 (sagiryū) type of kyogen play

Usage notes

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As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ハマグリ.

Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 蛤 – see the following entry.
【蛙かえる】H
[noun] a frog (amphibious animal)
Alternative spellings
蝦, カエル
(This term, 蛤, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 “はま‐ぐり 【蛤・文蛤・蚌】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  2. ^ “蛤”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN, page 200.

Korean

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Hanja

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蛤 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap, Yale hap)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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蛤: Hán Nôm readings: cáp

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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