與及
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Chinese
[edit]and; to give; together with and; to give; together with; take part in; (interrog. part.) |
to reach; and | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (與及) | 與 | 及 | |
| simp. (与及) | 与 | 及 | |
| alternative forms | 𫤰及 | ||
Etymology
[edit]Compound of 與／与 (“and”) 及 (“and”), or reanalysis of 以及 (ji5 kap6, “as well as; along with; and”) (Chang, 1989).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jyu5 kap6
- Yale: yúh kahp
- Cantonese Pinyin: jy5 kap9
- Guangdong Romanization: yu5 keb6
- Sinological IPA (key): /jyː¹³ kʰɐp̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Conjunction
[edit]與及
- (Cantonese, formal, sometimes proscribed) and
- 1828, 招子庸 [Chîû Tsz-yung], “唔好死 [Error in death]”, in 《粵謳》 [Cantonese Love-Songs], 西關澄天閣, page 2:
- 情𮊫兩全千古䍐見唔在𭙌逺你睇紅樓夢上三姊𫤰及栁湘蓮 [Cantonese, trad.]
- cing4 ji6 loeng5 cyun4 cin1 gu2 hon2 gin3 m4 zoi6 gei2 jyun5 nei5 tai2 hung4 lau4 mung6 soeng6 saam1 ze2 jyu5 kap6 lau5 soeng1 lin4 [Jyutping]
- Passion and faith, these two, a thousand aeons rarely see them consummate. / The proof is not far: / Ye see it in that which the 'Red Chamber Dream' tells of Sister Tertia and of Lau Söng-lin. [translation by Cecil Clementi]
情义两全千古罕见唔在几远你睇红楼梦上三姊与及柳湘莲 [Cantonese, simp.]
- 1863, Charles Finney Preston, 《耶穌言行撮要俗話》 [Important Selections from the Life of Christ], Guangzhou: 雙門底福音堂, Luke 7:11:
- 明日、耶穌入去一邑、名叫做拿因、門徒與及成羣人同行 [Cantonese, trad.]
- ming4 jat6, je4 sou1 jap6 heoi3 jat1 jap1, ming4 giu3 zou6 naa4 jan1, mun4 tou4 jyu5 kap6 sing4 kwan4 jan4 tung4 hang4 [Jyutping]
- And it came to pass the day after, that he went into a city called Nain; and many of his disciples went with him, and much people.
明日、耶稣入去一邑、名叫做拿因、门徒与及成羣人同行 [Cantonese, simp.]
- 1906, 《新約全書·廣東話》 [Canton Colloquial New Testament][1], British and Foreign Bible Society, 馬太福音 [Matthew] 23:13:
- 你哋僞善嘅讀書人、與及𠵽唎㘔人有禍咯、因爲你喺人哋面前、閉埋天國、你自己唔入、個的將近入嘅、你都唔俾佢入呀。 [Cantonese, trad.]
- nei5 dei6 ngai6 sin6 ge3 duk6 syu1 jan4, jyu5 kap6 faat3 lei6 coi3 jan4 jau5 wo6 lo3, jan1 wai6 nei5 hai2 jan4 dei6 min6 cin4, bai3 maai4 tin1 gwok3, nei5 zi6 gei2 m4 jap6, go3 di1 zoeng1 gan6 jap6 ge3, nei5 dou1 m4 bei2 keoi5 jap6 aa3. [Jyutping]
- But woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye shut up the kingdom of heaven against men: for ye neither go in yourselves, neither suffer ye them that are entering to go in.
你哋伪善嘅读书人、与及𠵽唎𫬐人有祸咯、因为你喺人哋面前、闭埋天国、你自己唔入、个的将近入嘅、你都唔俾佢入呀。 [Cantonese, simp.]
- 2013, 郭鴻標 [Benedict H. Kwok], 《生命師傅：神學教育與生命建立》, Hong Kong: 建道神學院, →ISBN, pages 94–95:
- 所以，我們可以透過上帝在大自然、人類歷史與及文化的工作教導人認識上帝是宇宙的主、歷史的主與及生命的主。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
- so2 ji5, ngo5 mun4 ho2 ji5 tau3 gwo3 soeng6 dai3 zoi6 daai6 zi6 jin4, jan4 leoi6 lik6 si2 jyu5 kap6 man4 faa3 dik1 gung1 zok3 gaau3 dou6 jan4 jing6 sik1 soeng6 dai3 si6 jyu5 zau6 dik1 zyu2, lik6 si2 dik1 zyu2 jyu5 kap6 sang1 ming6 dik1 zyu2. [Jyutping]
- So, through God's work in nature, human history and culture, we can teach people to know God as the Lord of the universe, the Lord of history and the Lord of life.
所以，我们可以透过上帝在大自然、人类历史与及文化的工作教导人认识上帝是宇宙的主、历史的主与及生命的主。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
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Usage notes
[edit]Sometimes proscribed in favour of 以及 (ji5 kap6), found in Modern Standard Chinese.
Synonyms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- 張雙慶 (1989) “「而矣」和「與及」”, in 《中國語文通訊》[4] (in Chinese), volume 4, pages 23–24