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U 5C3C, 尼
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C3C

[U 5C3B]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U 5C3D]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 44, 2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 尸心 (SP), four-corner 77211, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 300, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7635
  • Dae Jaweon: page 596, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 965, character 4
  • Unihan data for U 5C3C

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) . The character does not appear as an independent character in the oracle bone script but appears as a component of 𢓚 and . The character shows a man () sitting on or leaning on another man (), giving the original meaning of “to stop” or “close; intimate”; the derivative refers to the latter meaning.

Shuowen Jiezi considered it as a phono-sematic compound, but this is widely discredited by later scholars.

Compare , , , and .

Etymology 1

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trad.
simp. #
"Buddhist nun"

Clipping of 比丘尼 (bǐqiūní), from Sanskrit भिक्षुणी (bhikṣuṇī, female beggar) or Pali bhikkhunī (female beggar). Compare Sanskrit भिक्षु (bhikṣu, beggar).

Pronunciation

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Note: nai4 - vernacular variant.
Note: lûi - used in 尼姑.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ni³⁵/
Harbin /ni²⁴/
Tianjin /ni⁴⁵/
Jinan /ȵi⁴²/
Qingdao /ni⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ni⁴²/
Xi'an /ni²⁴/
Xining /mji²⁴/
Yinchuan /mi⁵³/
/ni⁵³/
Lanzhou /ȵi⁵³/
Ürümqi /ȵi⁵¹/
Wuhan /ni²¹³/
Chengdu /ȵi³¹/
Guiyang /ni²¹/
Kunming /ni³¹/
Nanjing /li²⁴/
Hefei /zz̩⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ni¹¹/
Pingyao /ȵi¹³/
Hohhot /ni³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ȵi²³/
Suzhou /ȵi¹³/
Hangzhou /ȵi²¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵi³¹/
Hui Shexian /ni⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ȵie⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ȵi¹³/
Xiangtan /ȵi¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵi⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ni¹¹/
Taoyuan /ni¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /nei²¹/
Nanning /nɐi²¹/
Hong Kong /nei²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ni³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /nɛ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ni²¹/
/mi³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /nĩ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ni³¹/
/ni²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (12)
Final () (17)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter nrij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɳˠiɪ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɳᵚi/
Shao
Rongfen
/niɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɳji/
Li
Rong
/nji/
Wang
Li
/ni/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ni/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
nei4

Definitions

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  1. Used in transcription.
      ―    ―  Niger
    加拉瓜  ―  jiālāguā  ―  Nicaragua
      ―    ―  Sydney
    斯湖  ―  sīhú  ―  Loch Ness
    古丁  ―  gǔdīng  ―  nicotine
      ―  lóng  ―  nylon
    比基  ―  bǐjī  ―  bikini
    古拉·特斯拉  ―  gǔlā Tèsīlā  ―  Nicola Tesla
    爾·杭思朗尔·杭思朗  ―  'ěr Hángsīlǎng  ―  Niel Armstrong
    1. Buddhist nun
    2. Short for 尼泊爾尼泊尔 (Níbó'ěr, “Nepal”).
      邊界边界  ―  Zhōng biānjiè  ―  China-Nepal border

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad.
simp. #

Unknown. Possibly a variant of (OC *njelʔ, “near”) (compare Mandarin () from (OC *njelʔ)), or a conflation of (OC *njelʔ, “near”) and (OC *niɡ) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (12)
Final () (17)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter nrij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɳˠiɪ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɳᵚi/
Shao
Rongfen
/niɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɳji/
Li
Rong
/nji/
Wang
Li
/ni/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ni/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
nei4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ nrij ›
Old
Chinese
/*nr[əj]/
English near, close

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 9428
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*nil/

Definitions

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  1. near; close; intimate
  2. peaceful; calm
  3. harmonious

Etymology 3

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trad.
simp. #

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (12)
Final () (17)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter nrij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɳˠiɪ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɳᵚi/
Shao
Rongfen
/niɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɳji/
Li
Rong
/nji/
Wang
Li
/ni/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ni/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
nei4

Definitions

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  1. a surname

Etymology 4

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trad.
simp. #

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-njal (to sleep; to lie down) (Sagart, 2004) while inheriting a *-t applicative suffix (Jacques, 2016a), since Middle Chinese sources quote the fanqie or /*ɳit̚/ (The Jingdian Shiwen section for the quotation from Mencius; see below). The stem word can be compared with the Tibetan ཉལ་པ (nyal pa, to lie down; to go to sleep; to dwell), and possibly with the Tangut 𗱩 (*njwij¹, to obstruct; to obscure; to choke up). See also (OC *nil, *nilʔ, “stopper”) attested in the Zhou Yi.

Pronunciation

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(Can we verify( ) this pronunciation?)



BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ nejX › ‹ nejH ›
Old
Chinese
/*nˁərʔ/ /*nˁərʔ-s/
English to stop to stop, obstruct

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

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  1. (literary) to stop; to obstruct
    • 使 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
      From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
      Xíng huò shǐ zhī, zhǐ huò zhī. Xíng zhǐ, fēi rén suǒ néng yě. [Pinyin]
      A man's advancement is effected, it may be, by others, and the stopping him is, it may be, from the efforts of others. But to advance a man or to stop his advance is really beyond the power of other men.

Compounds

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Etymology 5

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (Taishanese) a few; a little bit; some
  2. (Taishanese) the; those
  3. (Taishanese) more; -er
Synonyms
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Etymology 6

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trad.
simp. #

Pronunciation

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This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Definitions

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  1. (Leizhou Min) Prefix in non-face-to-face kinship terms.

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: (ni, Jōyō)ねい (nei)
  • Kan-on: (ji)でい (dei)
  • Kun: あま (ama, , Jōyō)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
あま
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Probably ultimately from Pali amma (mother; woman).[1][2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(あま) (ama

  1. nun
  2. (derogatory) woman
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
あま
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Clipping of アマゾン (Amazon, Amazon.com Inc).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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(あま) (Ama

  1. (Internet slang, dated) Amazon (Amazon.com Inc)
    • 2019 December 19, 闇陰ひかる@騎士団長兼任提督, Twitter[1]:
      あ、(くう)(せん)アルト()ってる(´・ω・`)でも明日(あす)(あま)から(とど)くから
      A, kūsen-Aruto utteru (´ ω `) demo asu Ama kara todoku kara
      Ah, aerial combat version of Alt is sold :( but I'll get it from Amazon tomorrow
Synonyms
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References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC nrij). Recorded as Middle Korean (ni) (Yale: ni) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 여승 (yeoseung ni), word-initial (South Korea) 여승 (yeoseung i))

  1. hanja form? of / (a Buddhist nun)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: ni, này, , nơi, nầy,

  1. place