γίγνομαι
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Hellenic *gígnomai, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵíǵnh₁-, the reduplicated present stem of *ǵenh₁- (“to beget, give birth”). Cognate with Latin gignō and nāscor.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡí.ɡno.mai̯/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈɡi.ɡno.mɛ/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈʝi.ɣno.mɛ/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈʝi.ɣno.me/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈʝi.ɣno.me/
Verb
[edit]γίγνομαι • (gígnomai)
- to come into being
- (of people) to be born
- (of things) to be produced
- (of events) to take place
- (of people) to be born
- (followed by a predicate) to become
- (aorist participle) having ceased to be: former, ex-
- (present participle) something that is due (of payments); regular, normal, usual
Inflection
[edit] Present: γίγνομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | γίγνομαι | γίγνῃ, γίγνει |
γίγνεται | γίγνεσθον | γίγνεσθον | γιγνόμεθᾰ | γίγνεσθε | γίγνονται | ||||
subjunctive | γίγνωμαι | γίγνῃ | γίγνηται | γίγνησθον | γίγνησθον | γιγνώμεθᾰ | γίγνησθε | γίγνωνται | |||||
optative | γιγνοίμην | γίγνοιο | γίγνοιτο | γίγνοισθον | γιγνοίσθην | γιγνοίμεθᾰ | γίγνοισθε | γίγνοιντο | |||||
imperative | γίγνου | γιγνέσθω | γίγνεσθον | γιγνέσθων | γίγνεσθε | γιγνέσθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | γίγνεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | γιγνόμενος | |||||||||||
f | γιγνομένη | ||||||||||||
n | γιγνόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Imperfect: ἐγιγνόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐγιγνόμην | ἐγίγνου | ἐγίγνετο | ἐγίγνεσθον | ἐγιγνέσθην | ἐγιγνόμεθᾰ | ἐγίγνεσθε | ἐγίγνοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | γιγνόμην | γίγνου | γίγνετο | γίγνεσθον | γιγνέσθην | γιγνόμε(σ)θᾰ | γίγνεσθε | γίγνοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: γενήσομαι, γενηθήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | γενήσομαι | γενήσῃ, γενήσει |
γενήσεται | γενήσεσθον | γενήσεσθον | γενησόμεθᾰ | γενήσεσθε | γενήσονται | ||||
optative | γενησοίμην | γενήσοιο | γενήσοιτο | γενήσοισθον | γενησοίσθην | γενησοίμεθᾰ | γενήσοισθε | γενήσοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | γενηθήσομαι | γενηθήσῃ | γενηθήσεται | γενηθήσεσθον | γενηθήσεσθον | γενηθησόμεθᾰ | γενηθήσεσθε | γενηθήσονται | ||||
optative | γενηθησοίμην | γενηθήσοιο | γενηθήσοιτο | γενηθήσοισθον | γενηθησοίσθην | γενηθησοίμεθᾰ | γενηθήσοισθε | γενηθήσοιντο | |||||
middle | passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | γενήσεσθαι | γενηθήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | γενησόμενος | γενηθησόμενος | ||||||||||
f | γενησομένη | γενηθησομένη | |||||||||||
n | γενησόμενον | γενηθησόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | γέγᾰκᾰ | γέγᾰκᾰς | γέγᾰκε(ν) | γεγᾰ́κᾰτον | γεγᾰ́κᾰτον | γεγᾰ́κᾰμεν | γεγᾰ́κᾰτε | γεγᾰ́κᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | γεγᾰ́κω, γεγᾰ́κωμῐ |
γεγᾰ́κῃς, γεγᾰ́κῃσθᾰ |
γεγᾰ́κῃ, γεγᾰ́κῃσῐ |
γεγᾰ́κητον | γεγᾰ́κητον | γεγᾰ́κωμεν | γεγᾰ́κητε | γεγᾰ́κωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | γεγᾰ́κοιμῐ, γεγᾰκοίην |
γεγᾰ́κοις, γεγᾰκοίης |
γεγᾰ́κοι, γεγᾰκοίη |
γεγᾰ́κοιτον | γεγᾰκοίτην | γεγᾰ́κοιμεν | γεγᾰ́κοιτε | γεγᾰ́κοιεν | |||||
imperative | γέγᾰκε | γεγᾰκέτω | γεγᾰ́κετον | γεγᾰκέτων | γεγᾰ́κετε | γεγᾰκόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | γεγά̄κειν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | γεγᾰκώς | |||||||||||
f | γεγᾰκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | γεγᾰκός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ἐγεγόνειν, ἐγεγενήμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐγεγόνειν, ἐγεγόνη |
ἐγεγόνεις, ἐγεγόνης |
ἐγεγόνει(ν) | ἐγεγόνετον | ἐγεγονέτην | ἐγεγόνεμεν | ἐγεγόνετε | ἐγεγόνεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐγεγενήμην | ἐγεγένησο | ἐγεγένητο | ἐγεγένησθον | ἐγεγενήσθην | ἐγεγενήμεθᾰ | ἐγεγένησθε | ἐγεγένηντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | γεγᾰ́ειν, γεγᾰ́η |
γεγᾰ́εις, γεγᾰ́ης |
γεγᾰ́ει(ν) | γεγᾰ́ετον | γεγᾰέτην | γεγᾰ́εμεν | γεγᾰ́ετε | γεγᾰ́εσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | γεγᾰ́μην | γέγᾰσο | γέγᾰτο | γέγᾰσθον | γεγᾰ́σθην | γεγᾰ́μεθᾰ | γέγᾰσθε | γέγᾰντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]- ἀπογίγνομαι (apogígnomai)
- διαγίγνομαι (diagígnomai)
- ἐγγίγνομαι (engígnomai)
- ἐκγίγνομαι (ekgígnomai)
- ἐπιγίγνομαι (epigígnomai)
- καταγίγνομαι (katagígnomai)
- παραγίγνομαι (paragígnomai)
- περιγίγνομαι (perigígnomai)
- προγίγνομαι (progígnomai)
- προσγίγνομαι (prosgígnomai)
- προσπεριγίγνομαι (prosperigígnomai)
- προσυγγίγνομαι (prosungígnomai)
- συγγίγνομαι (sungígnomai)
- συμπαραγίγνομαι (sumparagígnomai)
- ὑπογίγνομαι (hupogígnomai)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “γίγνομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 272-3
Further reading
[edit]- “γίγνομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “γίγνομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “γίγνομαι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- γίγνομαι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G1096 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- Ancient Greek terms with usage examples
- Ancient Greek copulative verbs