Isotopes of indium

Isotopes of indium (₄₉In)
Standard atomic weight Ar°(In)
	114.818±0.001; 114.82±0.01 (abridged);
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Indium (₄₉In) consists of two primordial nuclides, with the most common (~ 95.7%) nuclide (¹¹⁵In) being measurably though weakly radioactive. Its spin-forbidden decay has a half-life of 4.41×10¹⁴ years, much longer than the currently accepted age of the Universe.

The stable isotope ¹¹³In is only 4.3% of naturally occurring indium. Among elements with a known stable isotope, only tellurium and rhenium similarly occur with a stable isotope in lower abundance than the long-lived radioactive isotope. Other than ¹¹⁵In, the longest-lived radioisotope is ¹¹¹In, with a half-life of 2.8047 days. All other radioisotopes have half-lives less than a day. This element also has 47 isomers, the longest-lived being ^114m1In, with a half-life of 49.51 days. All other meta-states have half-lives less than a day, most less than an hour, and many measured in milliseconds or less.

Indium-111 is used medically in nuclear imaging, as a radiotracer nuclide tag for gamma camera localization of protein radiopharmaceuticals, such as In-111-labeled octreotide, which binds to receptors on certain endocrine tumors (Octreoscan).^[4] Indium-111 is also used in indium white blood cell scans, which use nuclear medical techniques to search for hidden infections.

Several proton-rich isotopes of indium (including indium-99) have been used to measure the mass of the doubly-magic isotope tin-100.^[5]^[6]

List of isotopes

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da) ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity ^{[n 8]}^{[n 4]}	Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy^{[n 4]}			Half-life ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity ^{[n 8]}^{[n 4]}	Normal proportion	Range of variation
⁹⁶In	49	47	95.95911(54)#	1# ms [>400 ns]	β?	⁹⁶Cd	9/2 #
⁹⁶In	49	47	95.95911(54)#	1# ms [>400 ns]	p?	⁹⁵Cd	9/2 #
⁹⁷In	49	48	96.94913(43)#	36(6) ms	β (97.7%)	⁹⁷Cd	9/2 #
					β, p (2.3%)	⁹⁶Ag
					p?	⁹⁶Cd
^97mIn	400(100)# keV			0.12(7) ms	p?	⁹⁶Cd	1/2−#
⁹⁸In	49	49	97.94213(33)#	30(1) ms	β (>99.87%)	⁹⁸Cd	(0 )
⁹⁸In	49	49	97.94213(33)#	30(1) ms	β, p (<0.13%)	⁹⁷Ag	(0 )
^98mIn^{[n 9]}	820(730) keV			890(20) ms	β (56%)	⁹⁸Cd	(9 )
^98mIn^{[n 9]}	820(730) keV			890(20) ms	β, p (44%)	⁹⁷Ag	(9 )
⁹⁹In	49	50	98.93411(32)#	3.11(6) s	β (99.71%)	⁹⁹Cd	9/2 #
⁹⁹In	49	50	98.93411(32)#	3.11(6) s	β, p (0.29%)	⁹⁸Ag	9/2 #
¹⁰⁰In	49	51	99.9311019(24)	5.62(6) s	β (98.34%)	¹⁰⁰Cd	6 #
¹⁰⁰In	49	51	99.9311019(24)	5.62(6) s	β, p (1.66%)	⁹⁹Ag	6 #
¹⁰¹In	49	52	100.926414(13)	15.1(11) s	β (>98.3%)	¹⁰¹Cd	(9/2 )
¹⁰¹In	49	52	100.926414(13)	15.1(11) s	β, p (<1.7%)	¹⁰⁰Ag	(9/2 )
^101mIn	640(40) keV			10# s	β?	¹⁰¹Cd	1/2−#
^101mIn	640(40) keV			10# s	IT?	¹⁰¹In	1/2−#
¹⁰²In	49	53	101.9241059(49)	23.3(1) s	β (99.99%)	¹⁰²Cd	(6 )
¹⁰²In	49	53	101.9241059(49)	23.3(1) s	β, p (0.0093%)	¹⁰¹Ag	(6 )
¹⁰³In	49	54	102.9198788(96)	60(1) s	β	¹⁰³Cd	(9/2 )
^103mIn	631.7(1) keV			34(2) s	β (67%)	¹⁰³Cd	(1/2−)
^103mIn	631.7(1) keV			34(2) s	IT (33%)	¹⁰³In	(1/2−)
¹⁰⁴In	49	55	103.9182145(62)	1.80(3) min	β	¹⁰⁴Cd	(5 )
^104mIn	93.48(10) keV			15.7(5) s	IT (80%)	¹⁰⁴In	(3 )
^104mIn	93.48(10) keV			15.7(5) s	β (20%)	¹⁰⁴Cd	(3 )
¹⁰⁵In	49	56	104.914502(11)	5.07(7) min	β	¹⁰⁵Cd	9/2
^105mIn	674.09(25) keV			48(6) s	IT	¹⁰⁵In	(1/2)−
^105mIn	674.09(25) keV			48(6) s	β?	¹⁰⁵Cd	(1/2)−
¹⁰⁶In	49	57	105.9134636(13)	6.2(1) min	β	¹⁰⁶Cd	7
^106mIn	28.6(3) keV			5.2(1) min	β	¹⁰⁶Cd	(2)
¹⁰⁷In	49	58	106.910287(10)	32.4(3) min	β	¹⁰⁷Cd	9/2
^107mIn	678.5(3) keV			50.4(6) s	IT	¹⁰⁷In	1/2−
¹⁰⁸In	49	59	107.9096937(93)	58.0(12) min	β	¹⁰⁸Cd	7
^108mIn	29.75(5) keV			39.6(7) min	β	¹⁰⁸Cd	2
¹⁰⁹In	49	60	108.9071497(43)	4.159(10) h	β	¹⁰⁹Cd	9/2
^109m1In	649.79(10) keV			1.34(6) min	IT	¹⁰⁹In	1/2−
^109m2In	2101.86(11) keV			210.0(9) ms	IT	¹⁰⁹In	19/2
¹¹⁰In	49	61	109.907171(12)	4.92(8) h	β	¹¹⁰Cd	7
^110mIn	62.08(4) keV			69.1(5) min	β	¹¹⁰Cd	2
¹¹¹In^{[n 10]}	49	62	110.9051072(37)	2.8048(1) d	EC	¹¹¹Cd	9/2
^111mIn	536.99(7) keV			7.7(2) min	IT	¹¹¹In	1/2−
¹¹²In	49	63	111.9055387(46)	14.88(15) min	β (62%)	¹¹²Cd	1
¹¹²In	49	63	111.9055387(46)	14.88(15) min	β⁻ (38%)	¹¹²Sn	1
^112m1In	156.592(25) keV			20.67(8) min	IT	¹¹²In	4
^112m2In	350.80(5) keV			690(50) ns	IT	¹¹²In	(7)
^112m3In	613.82(6) keV			2.81(3) μs	IT	¹¹²In	8−
¹¹³In^{[n 11]}	49	64	112.90406045(20)	Stable			9/2	0.04281(52)
^113mIn	391.699(3) keV			1.6579(4) h	IT	¹¹³In	1/2−
¹¹⁴In	49	65	113.90491641(32)	71.9(1) s	β⁻ (99.50%)	¹¹⁴Sn	1
¹¹⁴In	49	65	113.90491641(32)	71.9(1) s	β (0.50%)	¹¹⁴Cd	1
^114m1In	190.2682(8) keV			49.51(1) d	IT (96.75%)	¹¹⁴In	5
^114m1In	190.2682(8) keV			49.51(1) d	β (3.25%)	¹¹⁴Cd	5
^114m2In	501.948(3) keV			43.1(6) ms	IT (96.75%)	^114m1In	8−
^114m2In	501.948(3) keV			43.1(6) ms	β (3.25%)	¹¹⁴Cd	8−
¹¹⁵In^{[n 11]}^{[n 12]}	49	66	114.903878772(12)	4.41(25)×10¹⁴ a	β⁻	¹¹⁵Sn	9/2	0.95.719(52)
^115mIn	336.244(17) keV			4.486(4) h	IT (95.0%)	¹¹⁵In	1/2−
^115mIn	336.244(17) keV			4.486(4) h	β⁻ (5.0%)	¹¹⁵Sn	1/2−
¹¹⁶In	49	67	115.90525999(24)	14.10(3) s	β⁻ (99.98%)	¹¹⁶Sn	1
¹¹⁶In	49	67	115.90525999(24)	14.10(3) s	EC (0.0237%)	¹¹⁶Cd	1
^116m1In	127.267(6) keV			54.29(17) min	β⁻	¹¹⁶Sn	5
^116m2In	289.660(6) keV			2.18(4) s	IT	^116m1In	8−
¹¹⁷In	49	68	116.9045157(52)	43.2(3) min	β⁻	¹¹⁷Sn	9/2
^117mIn	315.303(11) keV			116.2(3) min	β⁻ (52.9%)	¹¹⁷Sn	1/2−
^117mIn	315.303(11) keV			116.2(3) min	IT (47.1%)	¹¹⁷In	1/2−
¹¹⁸In	49	69	117.9063567(83)	5.0(5) s	β⁻	¹¹⁸Sn	1
^118m1In^{[n 9]}	100(50)# keV			4.364(7) min	β⁻	¹¹⁸Sn	5
^118m2In	240(50)# keV			8.5(3) s	IT (98.6%)	^118m1In	8−
^118m2In	240(50)# keV			8.5(3) s	β⁻ (1.4%)	¹¹⁸Sn	8−
¹¹⁹In	49	70	118.9058516(78)	2.4(1) min	β⁻	¹¹⁹Sn	9/2
^119m1In	311.37(3) keV			18.0(3) min	β⁻ (97.4%)	¹¹⁹Sn	1/2−
^119m1In	311.37(3) keV			18.0(3) min	IT (2.6%)	¹¹⁹In	1/2−
^119m2In	654.27(7) keV			130(15) ns	IT	¹¹⁹In	(3/2)
^119m3In	2656.9(18) keV			265(10) ns	IT	¹¹⁹In	(25/2 )
¹²⁰In	49	71	119.907967(43)	3.08(8) s	β⁻	¹²⁰Sn	1
^120m1In^{[n 9]}	50(60)# keV			46.2(8) s	β⁻	¹²⁰Sn	5
^120m2In^{[n 9]}	300(200)# keV			47.3(5) s	β⁻	¹²⁰Sn	8−
¹²¹In	49	72	120.907853(29)	23.1(6) s	β⁻	¹²¹Sn	9/2
^121m1In	313.68(7) keV			3.88(10) min	β⁻ (98.8%)	¹²¹Sn	1/2−
^121m1In	313.68(7) keV			3.88(10) min	IT (1.2%)	¹²¹In	1/2−
^121m2In	2550(100)# keV			7.3(2) μs	IT	¹²¹In	(25/2 )
¹²²In	49	73	121.910282(54)	1.5(3) s	β⁻	¹²²Sn	1
^122m1In^{[n 9]}	40(60)# keV			10.3(6) s	β⁻	¹²²Sn	5
^122m2In	290(140) keV			10.8(4) s	β⁻	¹²²Sn	8−
¹²³In	49	74	122.910435(21)	6.17(5) s	β⁻	^123mSn	9/2
^123m1In	327.21(4) keV			47.4(4) s	β⁻	¹²³Sn	1/2−
^123m2In	2078.1(6) keV			1.4(2) μs	IT	¹²³In	(17/2−)
^123m3In	2103(14)# keV			>100 μs	IT	¹²³In	(21/2−)
¹²⁴In	49	75	123.913185(33)	3.12(9) s	β⁻	¹²⁴Sn	3
^124mIn^{[n 9]}	−20(60) keV			3.67(03) s	β⁻	¹²⁴Sn	8−
^124mIn^{[n 9]}	−20(60) keV			3.67(03) s	IT?	¹²⁴In	8−
¹²⁵In	49	76	124.9136738(19)	2.36(4) s	β⁻	^125mSn	9/2
^125m1In	352(12) keV			12.2(2) s	β⁻	¹²⁵Sn	1/2−
^125m2In	2009.4(7) keV			9.4(6) μs	IT	¹²⁵In	(19/2 )
^125m3In	2161.2(9) keV			5.0(15) ms	IT	¹²⁵In	(23/2−)
¹²⁶In	49	77	125.9164682(45)	1.53(1) s	β⁻	¹²⁶Sn	3
^126m1In	90(7) keV			1.64(5) s	β⁻	¹²⁶Sn	8−
^126m2In	243.3(2) keV			22(2) μs	IT	¹²⁶In	1−
¹²⁷In	49	78	126.9174539(14)^[7]	1.086(7) s	β⁻ (>99.97%)	^127mSn	9/2
¹²⁷In	49	78	126.9174539(14)^[7]	1.086(7) s	β⁻, n (<0.03%)	¹²⁶Sn	9/2
^127m1In	407.9(50) keV^[7]			3.618(21) s	β⁻ (99.30%)	^127mSn	1/2−#
^127m1In	407.9(50) keV^[7]			3.618(21) s	β⁻, n (0.70%)	¹²⁶Sn	1/2−#
^127m2In	1728.7(12) keV^[7]			1.04(10) s	β⁻	^127mSn	(21/2−)
^127m2In	1728.7(12) keV^[7]			1.04(10) s	β⁻, n?	¹²⁶Sn	(21/2−)
^127m3In	2364.7(9) keV			9(2) μs	IT	¹²⁷In	(29/2 )
¹²⁸In	49	79	127.9203536(14)	816(27) ms	β⁻ (99.96%)	¹²⁸Sn	(3)
¹²⁸In	49	79	127.9203536(14)	816(27) ms	β⁻, n (0.038%)	¹²⁷Sn	(3)
^128m1In	247.87(10) keV			23(2) μs	IT	¹²⁸In	(1)−
^128m2In	285.1(22) keV			720(100) ms	β⁻	¹²⁸Sn	(8−)
					IT?	¹²⁸In
					β⁻, n?	¹²⁷Sn
^128m3In	1797.6(16) keV			>0.3 s	β⁻	¹²⁸Sn	(16 )
					IT?	¹²⁸In
					β⁻, n?	¹²⁷Sn
¹²⁹In	49	80	128.9218085(21)	570(10) ms	β⁻ (99.77%)	¹²⁹Sn	9/2
¹²⁹In	49	80	128.9218085(21)	570(10) ms	β⁻, n (0.23%)	¹²⁸Sn	9/2
^129m1In	449.1(59) keV^[7]			1.23(3) s	β⁻ (96.2%)	¹²⁹Sn	1/2−
					β⁻, n (3.6%)	¹²⁸Sn
					IT?	¹²⁹In
^129m2In	1646.6(33) keV^[7]			670(100) ms	β⁻	¹²⁹Sn	(23/2−)
^129m2In	1646.6(33) keV^[7]			670(100) ms	IT?	¹²⁹In	(23/2−)
^129m3In	1687.97(25) keV			11.2(2) μs	IT	¹²⁹In	(17/2−)
^129m4In	1927.6(33) keV^[7]			110(15) ms	IT	¹²⁹In	(29/2 )
^129m4In	1927.6(33) keV^[7]			110(15) ms	β⁻?	¹²⁹Sn	(29/2 )
¹³⁰In	49	81	129.9249523(19)	273(5) ms	β⁻ (99.07%)	¹³⁰Sn	1(−)
¹³⁰In	49	81	129.9249523(19)	273(5) ms	β⁻, n (0.93%)	¹²⁹Sn	1(−)
^130m1In^{[n 9]}	66.5(27) keV			540(10) ms	β⁻ (98.20%)	¹³⁰Sn	(10-)
^130m1In^{[n 9]}	66.5(27) keV			540(10) ms	β⁻, n (1.80%)	¹²⁹Sn	(10-)
^130m2In	385.4(26) keV			540(10) ms	β⁻ (98.20%)	¹³⁰Sn	(5 )
^130m2In	385.4(26) keV			540(10) ms	β⁻, n (1.80%)	¹²⁹Sn	(5 )
^130m3In	388.3(2) keV			4.6(2) μs	IT	¹³⁰In	(3 )
¹³¹In	49	82	130.9269728(24)	261.5(28) ms	β⁻ (97.75%)	¹³¹Sn	9/2
¹³¹In	49	82	130.9269728(24)	261.5(28) ms	β⁻, n (2.25%)	¹³⁰Sn	9/2
^131m1In	376(3) keV			328(15) ms	β⁻ (97.75%)	¹³¹Sn	1/2−
					β⁻, n (2.25%)	¹³⁰Sn
					IT?	¹³¹In
^131m2In	3750(90) keV			322(41) ms	β⁻ (88%)	¹³¹Sn	(21/2 )
					β⁻, n (12%)	¹³⁰Sn
					IT?	¹²⁹Sn
^131m3In	3783.6(5) keV			669(34) ns	IT	¹³¹In	(17/2 )
¹³²In	49	83	131.932998(64)	202.2(2) ms	β⁻ (87.7%)	¹³²Sn	(7−)
					β⁻, n (12.3%)	¹³¹Sn
					β⁻, 2n?	¹³⁰Sn
¹³³In	49	84	132.93807(22)#	163.0(16) ms	β⁻, n (85%)	¹³²Sn	(9/2 )
					β⁻ (15%)	¹³³Sn
					β⁻, 2n?	¹³¹Sn
^133mIn	330(40)# keV			167(11) ms	β⁻, n (93%)	¹³²Sn	(1/2−)
^133mIn	330(40)# keV			167(11) ms	β⁻ (7%)	¹³³Sn	(1/2−)
¹³⁴In	49	85	133.94421(22)#	140(4) ms	β⁻, n (65%)	¹³³Sn	7−#
					β⁻?	¹³⁴Sn
					β⁻, 2n (<4%)	¹³²Sn
^134mIn	56.7(1) keV			3.5(4) μs	IT	¹³⁴In	(5−)
¹³⁵In	49	86	134.94943(32)#	103(3) ms	β⁻	¹³⁵Sn	9/2 #
					β⁻, n?	¹³⁴Sn
					β⁻, 2n?	¹³³Sn
¹³⁶In	49	87	135.95602(32)#	86(9) ms	β⁻	¹³⁶Sn	7−#
					β⁻, n?	¹³⁵Sn
					β⁻, 2n?	¹³⁴Sn
¹³⁷In	49	88	136.96154(43)#	70(40) ms	β⁻	¹³⁷Sn	9/2 #
					β⁻, n?	¹³⁶Sn
					β⁻, 2n?	¹³⁵Sn
This table header & footer: view

^ ^mIn – Excited nuclear isomer.
^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^ ^a ^b ^c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^ Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

n: Neutron emission

p: Proton emission
^ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
^ Used in medical applications
^ ^a ^b Fission product
^ Primordial radionuclide

References

^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Indium". CIAAW. 2011.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ "Octreoscan review". Medscape.
^ "Precision mass measurements of indium isotopes allow conclusions on the mass of the doubly-magic atomic nucleus of tin-100". GSI. 13 June 2012. Retrieved 2023-09-10.
^ "Tin 100 probed by studying its neighboring isotopes, indium 99 and 101 – IJCLab". Retrieved 2023-09-10.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Jaries, A.; Stryjczyk, M.; Kankainen, A.; Ayoubi, L. Al; Beliuskina, O.; Canete, L.; de Groote, R. P.; Delafosse, C.; Delahaye, P.; Eronen, T.; Flayol, M.; Ge, Z.; Geldhof, S.; Gins, W.; Hukkanen, M.; Imgram, P.; Kahl, D.; Kostensalo, J.; Kujanpää, S.; Kumar, D.; Moore, I. D.; Mougeot, M.; Nesterenko, D. A.; Nikas, S.; Patel, D.; Penttilä, H.; Pitman-Weymouth, D.; Pohjalainen, I.; Raggio, A.; Ramalho, M.; Reponen, M.; Rinta-Antila, S.; de Roubin, A.; Ruotsalainen, J.; Srivastava, P. C.; Suhonen, J.; Vilen, M.; Virtanen, V.; Zadvornaya, A. "Physical Review C - Accepted Paper: Isomeric states of fission fragments explored via Penning trap mass spectrometry at IGISOL". journals.aps.org. arXiv:2403.04710.

Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

[7] In – Excited nuclear isomer.

[8] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-9] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[TNN-10] # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[11] Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

n: Neutron emission

p: Proton emission

[12] Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.

[13] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[14] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[order-15] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.

[16] Used in medical applications

[FP-17] Fission product

[18] Primordial radionuclide

[NUBASE2020-1] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Indium". CIAAW. 2011.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[4] "Octreoscan review". Medscape.

[5] "Precision mass measurements of indium isotopes allow conclusions on the mass of the doubly-magic atomic nucleus of tin-100". GSI. 13 June 2012. Retrieved 2023-09-10.

[6] "Tin 100 probed by studying its neighboring isotopes, indium 99 and 101 – IJCLab". Retrieved 2023-09-10.

[jaries2024-19] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Jaries, A.; Stryjczyk, M.; Kankainen, A.; Ayoubi, L. Al; Beliuskina, O.; Canete, L.; de Groote, R. P.; Delafosse, C.; Delahaye, P.; Eronen, T.; Flayol, M.; Ge, Z.; Geldhof, S.; Gins, W.; Hukkanen, M.; Imgram, P.; Kahl, D.; Kostensalo, J.; Kujanpää, S.; Kumar, D.; Moore, I. D.; Mougeot, M.; Nesterenko, D. A.; Nikas, S.; Patel, D.; Penttilä, H.; Pitman-Weymouth, D.; Pohjalainen, I.; Raggio, A.; Ramalho, M.; Reponen, M.; Rinta-Antila, S.; de Roubin, A.; Ruotsalainen, J.; Srivastava, P. C.; Suhonen, J.; Vilen, M.; Virtanen, V.; Zadvornaya, A. "Physical Review C - Accepted Paper: Isomeric states of fission fragments explored via Penning trap mass spectrometry at IGISOL". journals.aps.org. arXiv:2403.04710.

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