lugema
Estonian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *lukëdak, from Proto-Uralic *luke- (“to count”).
Verb
editlugema (da-infinitive lugeda)
Conjugation
editConjugation of lugema (ÕS type 28/õppima, g-ø gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | loen | ei loe | 1st sing. | olen lugenud | ei ole lugenud pole lugenud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | loed | 2nd sing. | oled lugenud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | loeb | 3rd sing. | on lugenud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | loeme | 1st plur. | oleme lugenud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | loete | 2nd plur. | olete lugenud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | loevad | 3rd plur. | on lugenud | ||||||
| impersonal | loetakse | ei loeta | impersonal | on loetud | ei ole loetud pole loetud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | lugesin | ei lugenud | 1st sing. | olin lugenud | ei olnud lugenud polnud lugenud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | lugesid | 2nd sing. | olid lugenud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | luges | 3rd sing. | oli lugenud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | lugesime | 1st plur. | olime lugenud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | lugesite | 2nd plur. | olite lugenud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | lugesid | 3rd plur. | oli lugenud | ||||||
| impersonal | loeti | ei loetud | impersonal | oli loetud | ei olnud loetud polnud loetud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | loeksin | ei loeks | 1st sing. | lugenuksin oleksin lugenud |
ei lugenuks ei oleks lugenud poleks lugenud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | loeksid | 2nd sing. | lugenuksid oleksid lugenud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | loeks | 3rd sing. | lugenuks oleks lugenud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | loeksime | 1st plur. | lugenuksime oleksime lugenud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | loeksite | 2nd plur. | lugenuksite oleksite lugenud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | loeksid | 3rd plur. | lugenuksid oleksid lugenud | ||||||
| impersonal | loetaks | ei loetaks | impersonal | oleks loetud | ei oleks loetud poleks loetud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | loe | ära loe | 2nd sing. | ole lugenud | ära ole lugenud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | lugegu | ärgu lugegu | 3rd sing. | olgu lugenud | ärgu olgu lugenud | ||||
| 1st plur. | lugegem | ärme loeme ärme loe ärgem lugegem |
1st plur. | olgem lugenud | ärme oleme lugenud ärme ole lugenud ärgem olgem lugenud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | lugege | ärge lugege | 2nd plur. | olge lugenud | ärge olge lugenud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | lugegu | ärgu lugegu | 3rd plur. | olgu lugenud | ärgu olgu lugenud | ||||
| impersonal | loetagu | ärgu loetagu | impersonal | olgu loetud | ärgu olgu loetud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | lugevat | ei lugevat | active | olevat lugenud | ei olevat lugenud polevat lugenud | ||||
| passive | loetavat | ei loetavat | passive | olevat loetud | ei olevat loetud polevat loetud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | lugema | loetama | nominative | lugeda | olla lugenud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | lugedes | olles lugenud | |||||
| inessive | lugemas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | lugemast | present | lugev | loetav | |||||
| translative | lugemaks | past | lugenud | loetud | |||||
| abessive | lugemata | negative | lugematu | — | |||||