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Translingual
editStroke order | |||
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Stroke order (Japan) | |||
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Han character
edit青 (Kangxi radical 174, 靑 0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手一月 (QMB), four-corner 50227, composition ⿱龶月)
Derived characters
edit- Appendix:Chinese radical/靑
- 倩, 凊, 啨, 埥, 婧, 崝, 情, 掅, 清, 猜, 晴, 𤲟, 腈, 棈, 𭴼, 睛, 碃, 精, 綪(𬘬), 蜻, 請(请), 錆(锖), 郬, 寈, 菁, 箐, 圊
Related characters
edit- 靑 (Orthodox form in Kangxi dictionary, preferred form in Korean hanja)
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1381, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42564
- Dae Jaweon: page 1893, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4046, character 1
- Unihan data for U 9752
Chinese
editGlyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 青 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
猜 | *sʰlɯː |
輤 | *sʰleːns |
綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
棈 | *sʰleːns |
蒨 | *sʰeːns |
篟 | *sʰeːns |
生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
牲 | *sreŋ |
笙 | *sreŋ |
甥 | *sreŋ |
鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
珄 | *sreŋ |
鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
狌 | *sreŋ |
眚 | *sreŋʔ |
貹 | *sreŋs |
崝 | *zreːŋ |
精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
清 | *sʰleŋ |
圊 | *sʰleŋ |
請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
凊 | *sʰleŋs |
䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
靚 | *zleŋs |
情 | *zleŋ |
晴 | *zleŋ |
夝 | *zleŋ |
靜 | *zleŋʔ |
靖 | *zleŋʔ |
睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
性 | *sleŋs |
姓 | *sleŋs |
靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
青 | *sʰleːŋ |
靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
胜 | *sleːŋ |
曐 | *sleːŋ |
星 | *sleːŋ |
鮏 | *sleːŋ |
腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
鯹 | *seːŋ |
醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
篂 | *seːŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 生 (“growth of plants”) 丹 (“cinnabar”); a more conservative variant is 𤯞. Cinnabar was used for dyeing, and by extension, came to imply “color” in general, giving the combined meaning “color of growing plants” → “blue-green”.
In the modern glyph, the top component is reduced to 龶, and the bottom component resembles the unrelated 月 (yuè, “moon”).
The second-round simplified form of the character is based on the calligraphic form of the character.
Etymology 1
edittrad. | 青/靑 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 青 | |
2nd round simp. | 𰀈 | |
alternative forms |
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”). Cognate with 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”), 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ, “green; blue”), 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “surname”). Note 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ) may be an old dialect variant of 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qin1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чин (čin, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): qiang1 / qin1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): qi1 / qing1
- Northern Min (KCR): cháng / chéng
- Eastern Min (BUC): chăng / chĭng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ca1 / caⁿ1 / cing1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1chin
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): cin1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cing
- Wade–Giles: chʻing1
- Yale: chīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ching
- Palladius: цин (cin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: qin1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kin
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чин (čin, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ceng1 / cing1
- Yale: chēng / chīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tseng1 / tsing1
- Guangdong Romanization: céng1 / qing1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- ceng1 - vernacular;
- cing1 - literary.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: tiang1 / ten1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiaŋ³³/, /tʰen³³/
- tiang1 - vernacular;
- ten1 - literary.
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: qiang1 / qin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁴²/, /t͡ɕʰin⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- qiang1 - vernacular;
- qin1 - literary.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiâng / chhîn / chhiang
- Hakka Romanization System: qiangˊ / qinˊ / qiang
- Hagfa Pinyim: qiang1 / qin1 / qiang4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴/, /t͡sʰin²⁴/, /t͡sʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Sixian:
- chhiâng - vernacular;
- chhîn - literary.
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)
- Wiktionary: qi1 / qing1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/, /t͡ɕʰĩŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)
- qi1 - vernacular (e.g. 青菜 (qīngcài));
- qing1 - literary.
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cháng / chéng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁴/, /t͡sʰeiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- cháng - vernacular;
- chéng - literary.
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chăng / chĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- chăng - vernacular;
- chĭng - literary.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ca1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰa⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: caⁿ1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰã⁵³³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cing1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiŋ⁵³³/
- (Putian)
- ca1/caⁿ1 - vernacular;
- cing1 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tshenn
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhvef
- IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangpu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seⁿ
- Tâi-lô: senn
- Phofsit Daibuun: svef
- IPA (Zhangpu): /sɛ̃⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Zhangpu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng
- Tâi-lô: sing
- Phofsit Daibuun: sefng
- IPA (Zhangpu): /sɛŋ⁵⁵/
- chhiⁿ/chheⁿ/seⁿ - vernacular;
- chheng/seng - literary.
- Middle Chinese: tsheng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s.r̥]ˤeŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːŋ/
Definitions
edit青
- blue-green; blue (of sky, stone etc.); green (of grass, plants, mountain etc.)
- blue-green ("grue")-colored items
- black (of hair, cloth, silk thread etc.)
- (Southern Min) green
- 青紅燈/青红灯 [Hokkien] ― chheⁿ-âng-teng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― traffic light
- (Hong Kong) lime green
- young; adolescent
- Short for 青年 (qīngnián).
- (literary, obsolete) east
- (literary, obsolete) spring
- Short for 青海 (Qīnghǎi, “Qinghai Province”).
- a surname
Usage notes
editThe meaning for “blue” and “black” is more commonly used in Classical Chinese, while in modern Chinese, the meaning for “green” is more common. In fact, 青 covered both green and blue ("grue") until modern times. For example, 青山綠水/青山绿水 (qīngshānlǜshuǐ, “hill or water green in color”), 青蘋果/青苹果 (qīng píngguǒ, “green apple”). However, there are still some expressions for the meaning of blue, e.g. 青天 (qīngtiān, “blue sky”), 青出於藍/青出于蓝 (qīngchūyúlán, “blue comes from indigo; someone performing better than their teacher”)
In Cantonese, the use of 青 to mean “black” is still used in circumstances where 黑 (hak1) would be considered inauspicious, as it is a near-homophone of 乞 (hat1, “beggar”). For example, 黑衣 (hak1 ji1) used to describe clothing would be a near-homophone of both beggar and a beggar's garment.
See also
editCompounds
edit- 一丈青
- 七青八黃/七青八黄
- 三青子
- 不問青黃/不问青黄
- 並概青雲/并概青云
- 丹青 (dānqīng)
- 丹青妙手
- 丹青手
- 佛青
- 俯拾青紫
- 催青
- 共青團/共青团 (gòngqīngtuán)
- 刺青 (cìqīng)
- 包青天 (Bāoqīngtiān)
- 半青半黃/半青半黄
- 取青媲白
- 司馬青衫/司马青衫
- 名垂青史 (míngchuíqīngshǐ)
- 名標青史/名标青史
- 啃青 (kěnqīng)
- 回復青春/回复青春
- 回青
- 土瀝青/土沥青
- 垂青 (chuíqīng)
- 壓青/压青
- 大青
- 大青年
- 天青 (tiānqīng)
- 女青年會/女青年会
- 妙手丹青
- 對青山/对青山 (Duìqīngshān)
- 小青
- 小青瓦
- 山鹽青/山盐青
- 布襪青鞋/布袜青鞋
- 常青 (chángqīng)
- 干青雲
- 平地青雲/平地青云
- 平步青雲/平步青云 (píngbùqīngyún)
- 康青
- 愣頭兒青/愣头儿青
- 拖紫垂青
- 抽青配白
- 掇青拾紫
- 放青
- 放青苗 (fàngqīngmiáo)
- 斑青鱗魚/斑青鳞鱼
- 朱閣青樓/朱阁青楼
- 松柏長青/松柏长青
- 柳青
- 柏青哥 (bóqīnggē)
- 楊柳青/杨柳青
- 楞頭青/楞头青 (lèngtóuqīng)
- 步青雲/步青云
- 殺青/杀青 (shāqīng)
- 毛蒂青皮
- 水碧山青
- 水秀山青
- 水綠山青/水绿山青
- 汗青 (hànqīng)
- 海東青/海东青 (hǎidōngqīng)
- 海青 (hǎiqīng)
- 清堂瓦舍
- 淡青
- 瀝青/沥青 (lìqīng)
- 瀝青炭/沥青炭
- 瀝青石/沥青石
- 爐火純青/炉火纯青 (lúhuǒchúnqīng)
- 獨垂青盼/独垂青盼
- 玄青 (xuánqīng)
- 發青/发青 (fāqīng)
- 白璧青蠅/白璧青蝇
- 白青 (Báiqīng)
- 白飯青芻/白饭青刍
- 白髮青衫/白发青衫
- 直上青雲/直上青云
- 看青
- 知青 (zhīqīng)
- 石青
- 碧海青天
- 萬古長青/万古长青 (wàngǔchángqīng)
- 萬年青/万年青
- 空青
- 竹葉青/竹叶青 (zhúyèqīng)
- 篾青 (mièqīng)
- 糞青/粪青 (fènqīng)
- 紅粉青樓/红粉青楼
- 紅粉青蛾/红粉青蛾
- 紅青/红青
- 紆青拖紫/纡青拖紫
- 紺青/绀青
- 絳青/绛青
- 綠水青山/绿水青山 (lǜshuǐqīngshān)
- 縈青繚白/萦青缭白
- 群青 (qúnqīng)
- 芒果青
- 芥拾青紫
- 花青
- 花青素 (huāqīngsù)
- 茶青 (cháqīng)
- 菜青 (càiqīng)
- 藏青 (zàngqīng)
- 藍青/蓝青 (lánqīng)
- 藍青官話/蓝青官话 (lánqīng guānhuà)
- 蛋青
- 螺青
- 蟹青
- 衛青/卫青
- 豆青 (dòuqīng)
- 貪青/贪青
- 買青苗/买青苗
- 踏青 (tàqīng)
- 軟青皮/软青皮
- 郁郁青青
- 銀青/银青
- 鋁青銅/铝青铜
- 鐵青/铁青 (tiěqīng)
- 長青/长青 (chángqīng)
- 長青學苑/长青学苑
- 長青樹/长青树
- 雕青
- 雨過天青/雨过天青
- 青BB
- 青丘 (Qīngqiū)
- 青丹
- 青光眼 (qīngguāngyǎn)
- 青冢
- 青冥
- 青出於藍/青出于蓝 (qīngchūyúlán)
- 青北 (Qīngběi)
- 青史 (qīngshǐ)
- 青史傳名/青史传名 (qīngshǐchuánmíng)
- 青史名留
- 青史流芳
- 青史留名
- 青城山 (Qīngchéng Shān)
- 青壯/青壮
- 青壯年/青壮年 (qīngzhuàngnián)
- 青天 (qīngtiān)
- 青天白日 (qīngtiānbáirì)
- 青天霹靂/青天霹雳
- 青女
- 青奴
- 青娥 (qīng'é)
- 青字底 (qīngzìdǐ)
- 青宮/青宫
- 青少年 (qīngshàonián)
- 青少棒
- 青尾
- 青山 (qīngshān)
- 青山一髮/青山一发
- 青山綠水/青山绿水 (qīngshānlǜshuǐ)
- 青峰 (Qīngfēng)
- 青島/青岛 (Qīngdǎo)
- 青島市/青岛市
- 青州 (Qīngzhōu)
- 青州從事/青州从事
- 青帘
- 青幫/青帮 (Qīngbāng)
- 青年 (qīngnián)
- 青年商店
- 青年問題/青年问题
- 青年守則/青年守则
- 青年會/青年会
- 青年有為/青年有为
- 青年期 (qīngniánqī)
- 青年節/青年节 (Qīngniánjié)
- 青廬/青庐
- 青弋江
- 青旌
- 青春 (qīngchūn)
- 青春年少 (qīngchūnniánshào)
- 青春期 (qīngchūnqī)
- 青春永駐/青春永驻
- 青春活力 (qīngchūn huólì)
- 青春痘 (qīngchūndòu)
- 青果 (qīngguǒ)
- 青梅 (qīngméi)
- 青梅竹馬/青梅竹马 (qīngméizhúmǎ)
- 青梗菜 (qīnggěngcài)
- 青棒
- 青椒 (qīngjiāo)
- 青楓/青枫
- 青楊/青杨
- 青樓/青楼 (qīnglóu)
- 青氈舊物/青毡旧物
- 青江白菜
- 青泥
- 青油油
- 青海 (Qīnghǎi)
- 青海湖 (Qīnghǎi Hú)
- 青湛湛
- 青澀/青涩 (qīngsè)
- 青灰 (qīnghuī)
- 青煙/青烟
- 青燈/青灯
- 青燈黃卷/青灯黄卷 (qīngdēnghuángjuàn)
- 青牛
- 青牛紫氣/青牛紫气
- 青玉
- 青瓦臺/青瓦台 (Qīngwǎtái)
- 青瓷 (qīngcí)
- 青田石
- 青發/青发 (qīngfā)
- 青白
- 青白晦氣/青白晦气
- 青白眼
- 青皮 (qīngpí)
- 青目
- 青盲 (qīngmáng)
- 青眼 (qīngyǎn)
- 青睞/青睐 (qīnglài)
- 青稞 (qīngkē)
- 青空 (qīngkōng)
- 青竹絲/青竹丝
- 青筋 (qīngjīn)
- 青筋暴露
- 青簡/青简
- 青紅燈/青红灯
- 青紅皂白/青红皂白 (qīnghóngzàobái)
- 青紗帳/青纱帐
- 青紗障/青纱障
- 青紫 (qīngzǐ)
- 青絲/青丝 (qīngsī)
- 青綠/青绿 (qīnglǜ)
- 青綠山水/青绿山水 (qīnglǜ shānshuǐ)
- 青羊觀/青羊观
- 青翠 (qīngcuì)
- 青肥 (qīngféi)
- 青腫/青肿
- 青臉獠牙/青脸獠牙
- 青色 (qīngsè)
- 青花 (qīnghuā)
- 青花瓷 (qīnghuācí)
- 青苗 (qīngmiáo)
- 青苔 (qīngtái)
- 青苗法
- 青草 (qīngcǎo)
- 青草湖
- 青萍
- 青菱 (Qīnglíng)
- 青菜 (qīngcài)
- 青蒜 (qīngsuàn)
- 青蒿 (qīnghāo)
- 青蔥/青葱 (qīngcōng)
- 青蓮/青莲 (qīnglián)
- 青蓮居士/青莲居士
- 青蓮色/青莲色
- 青蕪/青芜
- 青藜 (qīnglí)
- 青蘋/青𬞟
- 青蘚/青藓 (qīngxiǎn)
- 青虛虛/青虚虚
- 青蚨 (qīngfú)
- 青蛇 (qīngshé)
- 青蛉
- 青蚵
- 青蛙 (qīngwā)
- 青蛙肢
- 青蜂
- 青蝦/青虾
- 青螺
- 青蟲/青虫 (qīngchóng)
- 青蠅/青蝇
- 青蠅弔客/青蝇吊客
- 青蠅染白/青蝇染白
- 青蠅點素/青蝇点素
- 青衣 (qīngyī)
- 青衫 (qīngshān)
- 青衫子
- 青衫淚/青衫泪
- 青衫記/青衫记
- 青衿 (qīngjīn)
- 青袍 (qīngpáo)
- 青覽/青览 (qīnglǎn)
- 青詞/青词
- 青豆 (qīngdòu)
- 青貯/青贮
- 青貯塔/青贮塔
- 青過於藍/青过于蓝
- 青銅/青铜 (qīngtóng)
- 青銅器/青铜器 (qīngtóngqì)
- 青銅器時代/青铜器时代 (Qīngtóngqì Shídài)
- 青錢/青钱
- 青錢萬選/青钱万选
- 青鎖/青锁 (qīngsuǒ)
- 青鑒/青鉴
- 青門/青门
- 青陽/青阳 (Qīngyáng)
- 青雀
- 青雲/青云 (qīngyún)
- 青雲之器/青云之器
- 青雲之士/青云之士
- 青雲志/青云志
- 青雲直上/青云直上 (qīngyúnzhíshàng)
- 青霄
- 青青
- 青靚白靜/青靓白静
- 青面獠牙 (qīngmiànliáoyá)
- 青鞋布襪/青鞋布袜
- 青飼料/青饲料
- 青鬱/青郁
- 青魆魆
- 青魚/青鱼 (qīngyú)
- 青鮫/青鲛 (qīngjiāo)
- 青鳥/青鸟
- 青鴉鴉/青鸦鸦
- 青鶴/青鹤
- 青鷺/青鹭
- 青鸞/青鸾 (qīngluán)
- 青鹽/青盐
- 青黃/青黄
- 青黃不接/青黄不接 (qīnghuángbùjiē)
- 青黃皂白/青黄皂白
- 青黴/青霉 (qīngméi)
- 青黴素/青霉素 (qīngméisù)
- 青鼬 (qīngyòu)
- 青龍/青龙 (qīnglóng)
- 青龍庵/青龙庵 (Qīnglóng'ān)
- 青龍頭上/青龙头上
- 靛青 (diànqīng)
- 面皮鐵青/面皮铁青
- 面青
- 面青口脣白/面青口唇白
- 鬼捏青
- 鬼臉青/鬼脸青
- 鴉青/鸦青
- 鴉青鈔/鸦青钞
- 鴨蛋青/鸭蛋青
- 黃卷青燈/黄卷青灯
- 鼻青臉腫/鼻青脸肿 (bíqīngliǎnzhǒng)
Descendants
editOthers:
Pronunciation 2
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jing
- Wade–Giles: ching1
- Yale: jīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
- Palladius: цзин (czin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zing1
- Yale: jīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzing1
- Guangdong Romanization: jing1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
edit青
Etymology 2
edittrad. | 青 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 青 |
Pronunciation
edit- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiⁿ
Definitions
edit青
References
edit- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04499
- “青”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #4515”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
edit青 | |
靑 |
Kanji
editReadings
edit- Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō †)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
- Sō-on: しい (shii)
- Kun: あお (ao, 青, Jōyō)←あを (awo, 青, historical)、あおい (aoi, 青い, Jōyō)←あをい (awoi, 青い, historical)、さお (sao, 青)←さを (sawo, 青, historical)
- Nanori: お (o)、きよ (kiyo)、はる (haru)
Compounds
edit- 青青 (seisei)
- 青果 (seika, “produce, fruits and vegetables”)
- 青化法 (seikahō)
- 青雲 (seiun)
- 青眼 (seigan)
- 青酸 (seisan, “hydrocyanic acid”)
- 青山 (seizan)
- 青史 (seishi)
- 青磁 (seiji)
- 青春 (seishun)
- 青松 (seishō)
- 青天 (seiten)
- 青銅 (seidō)
- 青年 (seinen)
- 青嵐 (seiran)
- 青竜 (seiryū)
- 青竜 (seiryō)
- 青竜 (shōryū)
- 汗青 (kansei)
- 殺青 (sassei)
- 丹青 (tansei)
- 瀝青 (rekisei, “bitumen”)
- 群青 (gunjō, “ultramarine”)
- 紺青 (konjō)
- 緑青 (rokushō)
- 刺青 (irezumi, “tattoo, tattooing”)
- 万年青 (omoto)
- 青菜 (chintsai)
Etymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
青 |
あお Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
靑 (kyūjitai) |
/sawo/ (uncertain, may be compound as opposed to root) → /awo/ → /ao/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *awo.[1]
Appears as the latter part in older compounds with an -s- infix or prefix. It is unclear if this leading /s/ is indicative of an earlier form (sawo), or if this was an addition for euphony to avoid vowel clusters, or for other reasons. This /s/ is also seen in 雨 (ame, “rain”, becoming same in old compounds) and 稲 (ine, “rice”, becoming shine in old compounds).
Given that this /s/ only ever appears interstitially, and given the semantics, this /s/ may be cognate with Korean interfix ㅅ (-s-) used to mark possession; compare German -s-.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- blue
- one of three primary colors
- a shade of blue to blue green
- (dated) green
- 青林檎 ― ao ringo ― green apple
- Short for 青信号 (aoshingō): green light (traffic light color, as the color of plants)
- Antonym: 赤 (aka)
- the black, bluish color of a horse's hair; also, such a horse
- Synonym: 青毛 (aoge)
- 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 39:[5]
- Auo. アヲ (青) 馬の毛色で, 全体に黒くて青みがあり, 両耳の内側に多少白いところのあるもの. この部分の毛も他の部分と同じようにすっかり黒い時には, Curo(黒)と呼ばれる.
- (card games) Short for 青短, 青丹 (aotan): one of the three hanafuda cards bearing a blue 短冊 (tanzaku, “narrow card used for poetry”); a 役 (yaku) of the three aotan cards, worth 3 points
- (card games) a blue card in 天正カルタ (Tenshō karuta)
- Short for 青本 (aohon): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
. - Short for 青銭 (aosen): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Derived terms
edit- 青い (aoi): blue (adjective)
- 青青 (aoao)
- 青嵐 (ao-arashi)
- 藍 (ai, “indigo”)
- 青海原 (ao-unabara)
- 青馬 (aouma)
- 青黴 (aokabi)
- 青桐 (aogiri)
- 青草 (aokusa)
- 青雲 (aokumo), 青雲 (aogumo)
- 青写真 (ao-jashin)
- 青信号 (ao-shingō, “green light”)
- 青筋 (aosuji)
- 青空 (aozora)
- 青田 (aota)
- 青竹 (aotake), 青竹 (aodake)
- 青短, 青丹 (aotan)
- 青菜 (aona)
- 青嶺 (aone)
- 青虫 (aomushi)
- 青物 (aomono)
- 青柳 (aoyagi)
- 青山 (aoyama)
- 真青 (masao), 真っ青 (massao)
- 青は藍より出でて藍より青し (ao wa ai yori idete ai yori aoshi)
See also
edit白 (shiro) | 灰色 (haiiro), 鼠色 (nezumiiro) (dated) |
黒 (kuro) |
赤 (aka); 深紅 (shinku), クリムゾン (kurimuzon), 紅色 (beniiro), 紅色 (kurenaiiro), 茜色 (akaneiro) |
オレンジ (orenji), 橙色 (daidaiiro); 茶色 (chairo), 褐色 (kasshoku) |
黄色 (kiiro); クリーム色 (kurīmuiro) |
黄緑 (kimidori) | 緑 (midori), 青 (ao) (dated) |
若緑 (wakamidori) |
シアン (shian); 鴨の羽色 (kamo no hane iro) | 水色 (mizuiro) | 青 (ao) |
菫色 (sumireiro); 藍色 (aiiro), インジゴ (injigo) |
マゼンタ (mazenta), 赤紫 (akamurasaki); 紫 (murasaki) |
ピンク (pinku), 桃色 (momoiro) |
Prefix
editDerived terms
editProper noun
edit- a female given name
- a surname
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
青 |
せい Grade: 1 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
靑 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 青 (MC tsheng).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editProper noun
edit- a female given name
- a surname
Etymology 3
editKanji in this term |
---|
青 |
しい Grade: 1 |
sōon |
Alternative spelling |
---|
靑 (kyūjitai) |
Unknown. The reading might be an obscure term from Old Japanese or dialect. The use of the character 青 arises from its 宋音 (sōon, “Song-dynasty pronunciation”).[6]
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (rare, archaic, mythology) a beast that looks like a weasel, and is said to have lived in present-day Fukuoka and Yamaguchi prefectures
- (rare, archaic, mythology) a beast that looks like a wolf, and is said to have appeared around Mount Yoshino
References
edit- ^ Thomas Pellard. Ryukyuan perspectives on the proto-Japonic vowel system. Frellesvig, Bjarke; Sells, Peter. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 20, CSLI Publications, pp.81–96, 2013.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 “あお[あを] 【青】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
- ^ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
editHanja
edit青 (eumhun 푸를 청 (pureul cheong))
References
edit- Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 42. [3]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit青: Hán Việt readings: thanh
青: Nôm readings: thanh, thênh, xanh
Compounds
editReferences
edit- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- CJK Radicals Supplement block
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
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- Puxian Min lemmas
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- Xiang lemmas
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- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Dungan hanzi
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- Gan hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Jin hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
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- Teochew hanzi
- Puxian Min hanzi
- Wu hanzi
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- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
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- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
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- Northern Min nouns
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- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
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- Dungan proper nouns
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- Middle Chinese proper nouns
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- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Mandarin terms with usage examples
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- Elementary Mandarin
- zh:Blues
- zh:Greens
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese first grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading しょう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading しやう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading せい
- Japanese kanji with sōon reading しい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あお
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading あを
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あお・い
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading あを・い
- Japanese kanji with kun reading さお
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading さを
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading お
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading きよ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading はる
- Japanese terms spelled with 青 read as あお
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- ja:Card games
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- ja:Mythology
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