یل

See also: يل

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yẹl (“wind”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰘𐰠 (yél), Azerbaijani yel, Bashkir ел (yel), Chuvash ҫил (śil), Kazakh жел (jel), Kyrgyz жел (jel), Tatar җил (cil), Turkmen ýel and Uzbek yel.

Noun

یل • (yel)

1. wind, real or perceived movement of atmospheric air

   Synonyms: باد (bad), روزگار (rüzgâr), ریح (rih)

2. flatus, gas generated in the digestive tract
3. (pathology) rheumatism, any disorder of the muscles, tendons, etc.

Derived terms

• یللنمك (yellenmek, “to break wind”)
• یللو (yelli, “windy”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: yel
• → Armenian: ել (el, “rheumatism”)

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “yel1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5276
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “یل”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 509a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “یل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1355
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Ventus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1732
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “یل”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 5596
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “yel”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “یل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2207

Persian

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (yl /⁠yal⁠/, “hero”), of unclear further etymology. Initial ya- cannot be directly inherited from Proto-Iranian. It is possibly a borrowing from Alanic or some other Northeastern Iranian descendant of Proto-Iranian *Áryah (“Aryan, Iranian”), whence also ایران (irân, “Iran”). Compare Proto-Sarmatian *Allān (“of the Aryans”, genitive plural).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [jal]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [jäl]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [jäl]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [jäl]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [jäl̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [jæl̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [jäl]

Readings
Classical reading?	yal
Dari reading?	yal
Iranian reading?	yal
Tajik reading?	yal

Noun

یل • (yal)

1. hero, great warrior

   Synonyms: قهرمان (qahramân), پهلوان (pahlavân)

   • c. 1030, Fakhr al-Dīn Asʿad Gurgānī, ويس و رامين‎^[6]:

     مهان نامی از هر شهر و کشور
     یلان جنگی از هر مرز و گوهر

     mihān-i nāmī az har šahr u kišwar
     yalān-i jangī az har marz u gawhar

     Renowned nobles from every city and kingdom,
     Warlike heroes from every borderland and bloodline.

     (Classical Persian romanization)