Charles Edward Hart (June 17, 1900 – December 9, 1991) was an American military officer who served as Commanding General of the V Corps (1954–1956) and Commanding General of the Army Air Defense Command (1957–1960).
Charles Edward Hart | |
|---|---|
 Circa 1956-1960 | |
| Born | June 17, 1900 Fort Washington, Maryland |
| Died | December 9, 1991 (aged 91) Fort Belvoir, Virginia |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Service |  United States Army |
| Years of service | 1924–1960 |
| Rank |  Lieutenant General |
| Commands | Artillery, 1st Infantry Division Artillery, 7th Army US Military Assistance Group, Greece V Corps Commandant of the Artillery Center & School 2nd Army Army Air Defense Command |
| Battles / wars | World War II |
| Awards | Distinguished Service Medal (2) Legion of Merit (2)[1] |
Early life
editCharles Edward Hart was born in Fort Washington, Maryland, the son of Dr. (Colonel) James William Hart and Grace Duncan Hart.[2] Hart was a descendant of Private Joseph Hart, a member of the 4th Virginia Regiment during the Revolutionary War.[3] By 1910 the family had moved to Washington, D.C. where Hart's father had a general practice and served on the staff of the Veteran's Hospital.[4][2] Eventually residing in Fort Hunt, Virginia, Hart would attend military drills with his father. After graduating from Western High School in Washington, D.C., Hart began working at a bank while seeking an appointment as a cadet at United States Military Academy.
Early career
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Hart entered the United States Military Academy at West Point on July 1, 1920 during the tenure of Douglas MacArthur as superintendent.[5] He would graduate 298th out of 405 cadets in 1924.[5] While at the Academy Hart was known to be an avid horseman.[5]
Following graduation in 1924, Hart was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Field Artillery, and assigned to the 4th Field Artillery Regiment located at Fort Sam Houston, Texas.[6] Shortly after his arrival in Texas he would be transferred to Fort McIntosh, Texas along the US-Mexican border where he would remain until being transferred to Fort Knox, Kentucky in 1928. During his tenure in Texas he would serve as adjutant for the 4th Field Artillery Regiment before transferring to the 3rd Field Artillery Regiment also based at Fort McIntosh, Texas. Upon transfer he would continue as an adjutant and serve as Commanding Officer of the Service Battery, 3rd Field Artillery Regiment from 1927 until his transfer in 1928.[6]
Hart would serve one year at Fort Knox, Kentucky before receiving a promotion to 1st lieutenant and a transfer to Fort Myer, Virginia to serve with the 16th Field Artillery Regiment. He would remain there for approximately one year before being sent to the United States Field Artillery School located in Fort Sill, Oklahoma. After a year as a student, Hart graduated in 1931 and went to the 8th Field Artillery Regiment. In 1932 Hart would serve the 11th Artillery Brigade (1932-1933) until followed by the 8th Artillery Regiment (1933-1934) and 18th Artillery Regiment (1934-1935).[6]
In 1935 Hart would be transferred to the United States Military Academy and receive a promotion to captain. At the academy Hart would command Battery "A" and serve as an artillery instructor.[6] Following his service at the Academy he would be transferred to United States Field Artillery School located in Fort Sill, Oklahoma as an instructor in 1940. He would remain at the school until 1942 after the outbreak of World War II.[6]
World War II
editOn January 31, 1941, Hart received a temporary promotion to the rank of major. Later that year, while serving as an instructor in the Department of Gunnery at the United States Army Field Artillery School, Hart received a permanent promotion to Major on June 12, 1941.[7] He was then sent to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas to attend the Command and General Staff School. Upon completing the course, he was again assigned to the Artillery School, this time as an instructor in the Department of Tactics.[2]
With America's entry into World War II in 1941, the military suffered from a lack of qualified officers to take command positions. It was under these circumstances in 1941 that Hart received a promotion to the temporary rank of Lieutenant Colonel on December 24, 1941.[7] He would then be transferred to the II Corps during the planning for the invasion of North Africa where he would initially serve as the Assistant Commander of the II Corps Artillery.[2] With the commencement of Operation Torch and the invasion of Algiers the II Corps under Major General Lloyd Fredendall would be designated the Central Task Force for the invasion.[8] It was during the operations in North Africa that Hart was elevated to the position of commander of the II Corps Artillery.[6]
On January 12, 1943, Hart was given a temporary commission of colonel and continued in command of the II Corps Artillery.[7][2] As the II Corps’ Artillery Officer he was involved with the operations of the II Corps during the drive towards Tunis, including the U.S. defeats at the Battle of Sidi Bou Zid on February 14–17, 1943 and Kasserine Pass on February 19–22, 1943. Following the Allied defeats in February, Major General Lloyd Fredendall was transferred from command of the II Corps and replaced by Major General George S. Patton on March 6, 1943..[8]
With Patton in command, Hart moved to improve artillery operations. Concerned with his artillery air observation posts, he requested and received permission to add an air artillery officer to his staff. On March 8, 1943, Lieutenant Delbert L. Bristol was assigned on temporary duty. Under Hart's direction and with the blessing of Patton, Bristol developed the first Corps Air Artillery section in the entire U.S. Army.[9]
Assigned as Artillery Officer for First Army, Hart would be decorated with the Order of Suvorov Second Class at war's end when the U.S. Army linked up with the Red Army on the Elbe River.[10]
Later life
editHart retired from active duty on August 1, 1960 and was awarded an oak leaf cluster to the Distinguished Service Medal that he had received after his World War II service.[1][11]
Hart died at Fort Belvoir, Virginia at the age of 91, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.[12]
References
edit- ^ a b "Charles Edward Hart". Military Times. Sightline Media Group. Retrieved August 23, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e West Point Memorial Archived April 8, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ District of Columbia Sons of the American Revolution Application, National Number 23755.
- ^ 13th Federal Census, 1910, District of Columbia.
- ^ a b c Official Roster of Officers and Cadets for 1924, U.S.M.A., U.S. Military Academy Printing Office, West Point, NY.
- ^ a b c d e f Lt. General Charles Edward Hart Memorial Page, Arlington National Cemetery.
- ^ a b c Charles E. Hart: Official U.S. Army Register, January 1, 1943., Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., Department of the Army.
- ^ a b Howe, George F, “United States Army in World War II Mediterranean Theater of Operations-Northwest Africa: Seizing the Initiative In the West”, Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army, 1957
- ^ Raines, Edgar F., Jr., “Eyes of the Artillery: The Origins of Modern U.S. Army Aviation in WWII”, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Army Center of Military History, 2000.
- ^ Empric, Bruce E. (2024), Uncommon Allies: U.S. Army Recipients of Soviet Military Decorations in World War II, Teufelsberg Press, p. 52, ISBN 979-8-3444-6807-5
- ^ U.S. Army Register: United States Army Active and Retired List. Vol. I. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. January 1, 1962. p. 674. Retrieved August 23, 2024.
- ^ "Hart helped command Bliss missile school". El Paso Times. December 11, 1991. p. 4. Retrieved December 25, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.